户外装备---登山鞋 （转贴）

原文来自www.MEC.ca
中文翻译仅供参考，请勿用于商业用途

Footwear Glossary
鞋类术语表

MEC members demand a lot from their footwear, whether they are
attempting to run the Rideau Trail in a day, or building a snowcave
to wait out a St. Elias storm. Shoes and boots designed for
the backcountry are complex products that utilize different
design, fabrics, and construction to perform different functions.
MEC的成员对他们的鞋有多种需求，不论他们打算白天在崎岖道路上奔驰，
还是打个雪洞躲过一场暴风雪。为荒郊野外设计的鞋和靴子是复杂的产品，
它们采用不同的设计，织物和结构以实现不同的功能。

Boot parts include:
鞋类包括这些组成部分:

uppers (the body) made of leather, synthetics or plastic
鞋面(鞋身)由皮革,合成纤维和塑料制成

soles and midsoles
鞋底和鞋底夹层(中底)

components such as counters, rands, and liners
其他部分如垫板，鞋边护皮，衬里

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Uppers
鞋面材料

Full-grain Leather
全皮
This material retains the top or outer membrane of the hide,
which contains dense, tight fibres that are water-resistant
and supportive. It conforms well to the foot over time, can
be waterproofed, is abrasion-resistant, and will last for years
when properly cared for. If this membrane faces outward, it
is called "smooth-out." When it faces inward, "rough-out" leather
protects the tighter fibres of the top grain from abrasion (giving
the leather a longer functional life). Full grain leather can
vary in thickness, depending on the starting thickness of the
hide and on what part of the hide the leather is taken from.
Thicker leathers require longer to break in, but make a more
durable, supportive boot. Some footwear is made with thicker
leather only in the high-wear, high-support areas, and thinner,
lighter, and more breathable leather in the remaining sections.
这种材料保留了动物皮革的顶层或者说外层表皮，这层表皮包含致密、
紧绷的纤维，具有抗水和支持性能。全皮经过一段时间后可以很好的适应
脚部，可以进行防水处理，抗磨损，通过适当的保养可以使用数年。如果
表皮朝外，它被称作“光面”的。如果它朝里，这种“毛面”的皮革可保
护顶层的紧绷纤维免受磨损（提供给皮革更长的使用寿命）。全皮的厚度
可以差别很大，这取决于动物皮革的原始厚度，以及它来自动物皮革的哪
一部分。较厚的皮革需要更长的时间来磨合，但制成的靴子更耐用，更具
有支持性。一些鞋只在较多磨损和支撑的区域使用厚的皮革，而将较薄，
较轻，透气性更好的皮革用于其他部分。

Nubuck
绒面皮革 (Nubuk?)

A leather finishing process, not a type of leather. It involves
sanding the top grain leather surface which gives it a "fuzzy"
appearance. This surface texture is sometimes mistaken for suede,
but nubuck is actually a full-grain leather. It can be factory
treated for waterproofness.
这是一种皮革制成工艺，而不是皮革的种类。它包括打磨皮革顶层表皮，
以形成一种“绒毛”状的外观。这种表面的质地某些时候会被错认为suede，
但nubuck实际上是一种全皮。它可以通过工业处理以得到防水性。

Suede
绒面柔软皮革

There are two distinct layers in a leather hide; the outermost
(top grain) layer and the lower (split) layer. Suede is created
by sanding the split leather surface to roughen it up. It is
generally less abrasion-resistant, more prone to stretching,
and less stiff than full-grain leather. It also absorbs water
more easily. Tanning processes or copious applications of goop
can make suede waterproof, but it remains less appropriate for
heavy-duty outings. Flexibility, breathability, and lower price
make it a good choice for lighter use trips.
动物皮革包括截然不同的两层，上层（表皮）和下层（分割层）。suede
是通过打磨分割层皮革的表面，使它变粗糙而得到的。比起全皮，它通常
较不耐磨损，更容易拉伸，不太坚硬。它也更容易吸水。制革工艺和粘胶
的大量使用可使得suede防水，但对于重级别的旅行，它保持良好性能的
时间较短。柔韧性，透气性和较低的价格使得它成为用于较轻松旅途的很
好选择。

Fabric
纤维织物

Includes a wide range of materials used to construct mesh for
high breathability and woven fabrics for greater durability.
In general, lighter weight fabrics are more breathable, and
easier to break in. Fabric is not as durable as leather, and
is difficult to waterproof unless it is used in conjunction
with a waterproof breathable membrane like Gore-Tex. It is
often used with suede, leather, or synthetic reinforcing panels
to construct footwear that achieves a good balance of support,
lightness, and breathability.
包括很广范围内的材料，用于构建高透气性的网状和高耐久性的机织织
物。通常，越轻的纤维织物透气性越好，也越容易磨合。纤维织物不如
皮革耐用，也很难防水，除非和一层防水透气薄膜结合使用，如Gore-Tex。
它通常和suede、全皮或者人造的加强嵌条一起构成鞋，以达到支持性，
轻便性和透气性的良好平衡。

Synthetic Nubuck
合成皮革

Synthetic fibers are bonded together and finished with a suede-like
texture for added durability. Although it is less breathable
and less waterproof than leather, it is much less expensive.
将合成纤维粘合在一起，形成类似suede的质地，可更加耐久。虽然它
不如皮革的透气性和防水性好，但它远比皮革便宜。

Plastics (or Nylon)
塑料（或尼龙）

Plastic mountaineering boots provide absolute waterproofness
and are extremely durable. The rigidity of plastic boots makes
them well-suited to use with crampons in extreme conditions.
Plastics, however, will not break in, and are used almost exclusively
in "double" boots where a padded inner boot buffers the foot
from the outer shell.
塑料高山靴提供了绝对防水以及非常耐久的性能。塑料靴的硬度使得它
们可以很好的在极端条件下配合冰爪使用。不过，塑料不可能被磨合，
所以几乎专门用于“双层”靴子上，其中有一个填充在内部的靴子缓冲
脚和外壳。

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Midsoles and Outsoles
中底和大底

The midsole is a cushioning layer between the outsole and the
upper. The shank is a stiffener that controls the flexibility
of the sole. Full-length shanks offer additional torsional rigidity
and protection to the underside of the foot.
中底是大底和鞋身之间的缓冲层。鞋芯垫片是控制鞋底弹性的加强部件。
全长垫片提供额外的扭转刚性和对脚部下侧的保护。

The outsole is where the boot meets the trail. Available in
different compositions of rubber with various tread patterns.
大底是脚接触道路的地方。可采用不同成分橡胶和多种鞋底花纹。

EVA: Ethyl/vinyl acetate
EVA：乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物

The spongy material found under your foot in many running shoes.
A shock-absorbing material that's lighter than polyurethane
(see PU).
在很多跑鞋中，都能在你的脚下找到的海绵状材料。是一种比聚氨酯（
参见PU）轻的吸收震动的材料。

Compression Molded EVA

压缩注塑EVA

Compression molding distributes the EVA foam within the midsole
to areas that need the most cushioning.
压缩注塑可以将中底内的EVA泡沫分布在需要最多缓冲的区域。

Dual Density Midsoles
双密度中底

Two different densities of foam within the same midsole. Allows
manufacturers to fine tune performance by creating different
levels of support or cushioning.
在中底内有两种不同密度的泡沫。通过构成不同程度的支持性和减震性，
为厂家精细地调整性能提供了可能。

PU: Polyurethane
PU：聚氨酯


A rubber-like material used for shock absorption. Heavier than
EVA.
一种用于减震的类似橡胶的材料。比EVA重。

Microporous Rubber
微孔橡胶

Rubber with a cellular structure. The cells are filled with
air and provide support and cushioning. Generally firmer, more
durable, and slightly heavier than EVA and PU.
具有多孔状结构的橡胶。孔内填充空气，可提供支持性和减震性。通常
比EVA和PU更坚硬，更耐用，也稍微重一些。

--------------------------------------------------------------
Components
其他部分

Eyelets
鞋眼和鞋环

Holes or riveted loops/hooks which secure the boot laces.
绑鞋带用的孔和铆上的环、钩。

Footbeds
鞋垫

The part of the sole that your foot lies directly upon. Often
removable, the footbed is contoured and provides moderate cushioning.
Aftermarket footbeds can improve boot fit.
你的脚直接踩在上面的鞋底部分。通常可拆卸，鞋垫的曲线形态可提供
缓和的减震。选配调整的鞋垫可以提高鞋的适应度。

Heel/Toe Counters
脚跟或脚尖保护垫板

Counters provide support and help the upper wrap around the
foot. They also help protect the heel and toes from impact.
垫板提供支撑，协助鞋面环绕在脚的周围。它们也能帮助保护脚跟和脚尖
免受冲击。

Liners
衬里

Literally, the "lining" on the inside of the shoe or boot. Synthetic
liners such as Cambrelle offer lightweight, quick-drying comfort
and resist mildew. Leather liners are extremely durable and
cooler to wear, but take longer to dry. Waterproof-breathable
Gore-Tex fabric is either built into boots between the liners
and uppers, or is bonded to other fabrics. Gore-Tex increases
water-resistance but may feel hot against your foot.
按字面意思，“衬里”位于鞋或靴的里侧。合成衬里如Cambrelle（DuPont
公司的合成纤维织物）提供轻便，快干舒适和防霉性能。皮革衬里非常耐用，
穿着凉爽，但干的较慢。防水并且透气的Gore-Tex面料可固定在鞋的衬里和
鞋面之间，或粘合在其他织物上。Gore-Tex提高防水性能，但可能使你的脚
感到热。

Rands
鞋边护皮

Thin rubber bindings that run around the junction of the upper
and sole and part way up the boot. Rands add to a boot's overall
waterproofness and protect the upper from abrasion.
环绕鞋面和鞋底接合部的薄橡胶滚边，部分位于鞋面上。护皮增加鞋的全面
防水能力，保护鞋面不受磨损。

Rocker
鞋底凸出

The curvature of the sole from the heel to the toe of a boot
to facilitate walking.
是鞋从脚跟到脚尖的鞋底弯曲，使行走更容易。

Scree Collars
碎石护圈

Lightly padded cuff at the top of the upper that keeps out debris.
很松地填补在鞋帮顶部翻边处，以防止碎石进入。

Tongues
鞋舌

Not only provide padding for the top of the foot, but gussetted
tongues keep out grit and debris between the sock and liner.
Asymmetric tongues add support and comfort.
不仅为脚的顶部提供衬垫，三角型鞋舌还能防止砂石碎屑进入袜子和衬里
之间。不对称形状的鞋舌还附加支撑和舒适性。

选择合适的鞋

原文来自www.MEC.ca
中文翻译仅供参考，请勿用于商业用途

Fit to be Tried - A Bootfitting Primer
试过才知道－试穿鞋入门

Just as no two feet are alike, no two shoes are the same either.
At MEC, we sell several different models within each of our
major categories (trail running, approach, day hiking, hiking,

and backpacking) to provide you with several options.
就像没有两只脚相同一样，也没有两双鞋是相同的。在MEC上，我们出售
多种不同样式的鞋，包括在一些大的分类（越野跑鞋，穿越用鞋，日间
徒步，徒步，背包旅行）下，以给你提供多种选择。

Manufacturers build their footwear based on the measurements
of an individual mold, or last. Because of this, there can be
significant differences in fit when comparing Boot X to Boot
Y. Generally, leather hiking boots and plastic boots require
more care to fit than fabric approach shoes or day hikers, but
care must be taken in fitting all footwear. The most common
error members make in purchasing footwear is buying too small.
You can avoid this pitfall by trying the following fit-test.
制造厂商在一个特殊的模子，或者叫鞋楦的尺寸基础上，制造它们的鞋。
因此，当比较两双鞋的合脚程度时，会有显著的差异。一般的说，皮革
徒步鞋和塑料靴需要比纤维织物鞋和日间徒步靴更多对合脚方面的关心，
不过对任何户外鞋都要试穿，看它是否合脚。买鞋时最常见的错误就是
买的太小了。尝试以下的测试合适程度的方法，你可以避免这一失误。

Don socks of the same weight and thickness you would normally
use with the particular boot you are trying. Socks must be wrinkle-free,
and for heavier boots, consider wearing a thin synthetic liner
sock under a medium-weight hiking sock. Start with your street
shoe size and work up or down from there, in half-sizes. Put
on both boots, and lace them up snugly and carefully from the
bottom up. Stand up, and walk around.
穿上将和你正在试的鞋正常配合使用的，相同重量和厚度的袜子。袜子
必须没有褶，并且对于较重型的靴子，可以考虑在中量级徒步袜的里面
穿上薄的合成纤维衬里袜。从你日常穿的鞋的大小开始，并以半号进行
加减。把两只鞋都穿上，从头到尾紧密而仔细的系好鞋带。站起来，四
处走走。

How do you know if you' ve got a good fit?
怎样才知道是否合脚呢？

Eyelets or D-rings should be roughly parallel to each other.
鞋眼或者D型环应当相互大致平行。

Boots should fit smoothly around the foot. Press the outside
of the boot with your fingers to reveal loose pockets around

the instep or heel where the boot is not touching your foot.
鞋应当在脚周围顺滑合脚。用手指按压鞋的表面，查看在脚背和脚跟周
围的宽松部分，那里鞋不应接触到脚。

Toes should not be compressed or pinched in any way.
脚趾不应受到任何方式的挤压。

Find a sloping ramp, or stairs, and taking small steps walk
up and down. On the way up your heel should not move more than
a half-centimetre, if it does it could be an indication that
the boot is too large. On the way down your toes should not
touch the front of the boot, if they do it could be an indication
that the boot is too small. On uneven surfaces, your foot should
hold securely and not twist inside the boot.
找一个有角度的斜坡或者楼梯，小步地上下走走。上坡时，你的脚跟移
动不应超过半厘米，如果超过可能表示这双鞋太大了。下坡时，你的脚
趾不应触及鞋的前部，否则可能表示这双鞋太小了。在崎岖的地面上，
你的脚应当安全地固定在鞋里而不会扭曲。

Footwear ordered by phone, or through our website can be returned/exchanged
so long as it has not been worn outside and is in "new" condition.
通过电话，或者在我们的网上定购的鞋，只要可以没有在野外穿过，保
持“全新”，就可以退换。

预防水泡

原文来自www.MEC.ca
中文翻译仅供参考，请勿用于商业用途

Blisters - Bane of Hikers and Backpackers
水泡－驴们的大敌

The raw truth about purchasing footwear, either in-store or
online, is that your new trail shoes or boots may give you severe
grief on that first day out in the backcountry. To reduce the
chances of hamburger heels, or other nasty abrasions, wear your
new footwear around the house beforehand. This advice holds
true for both the lightest of trail shoes and the heaviest of
mountaineering boots - very few boots are perfect straight out
of the box.
不管是在店里还是网上，购买鞋类自然会产生的现实，就是你的户外鞋或者
靴子会在荒郊野外的头几天里带给你严重的麻烦。为了减少脚跟遍布伤痕，
或者产生其他讨厌的擦伤的可能性，预先在房子周围穿上你的新鞋走走。这
条忠告对最轻的越野跑鞋和最重的高海拔攀登靴都适用，只有极少的靴子是
特别的完全直挺的。

When breaking in new footwear, try different weights of socks
(preferably ones without holes in them!). Consider double-layer
socks that offer some form of blister protection. Do use your
prescription orthotics, if you own a pair. Then, load up your
backpack and climb stairs repeatedly. Wearing a pack can dramatically
affect pressure points on the foot. Walk on uneven terrain where
your foot is bending and flexing in different ways. Make note
of places where even the slightest discomfort occurs.
在磨合新鞋时，尝试不同织物重量的袜子（上面最好没有洞！）。可以考虑
提供某种形式的水泡防护的双层袜子。使用你的医用矫正器械，如果你有的
话。然后背上你的背包，反复攀登楼梯。背着包可以显著地影响你脚上的压
力点。在崎岖地形上步行，使你的脚以各种不同方式弯曲和扭转。要注意即
使是最轻微的不适之处发生的地方。

Before heading out on your first backcountry foray, don’t
wait until blisters have formed to tape your feet. Cover vulnerable
areas like heels and toes with moleskin, or some other blister-preventing
material. At the first sign of hot spots, take your boots off
and tape the affected areas.
在你外出进行第一次荒郊野外的尝试之前，不要只是等着水泡成形，布满你
的脚才作处理。在易受磨损的部位例如脚跟和脚趾贴上魔术贴布，或者其他
预防水泡的材料。在出现最初的损伤迹象时，就要脱掉鞋，包裹受影响的区
域。

户外鞋的种类

原文来自www.MEC.ca
中文翻译仅供参考，请勿用于商业用途

Types of Outdoor Footwear
户外鞋的种类

Specialized outdoor footwear is not just for mountain climbers
and backpackers. Whether you're lacing up for a rigorous trail
run or an afternoon amble, the right footwear can enhance your
comfort and safety. Unlike roads and sidewalks, even well-maintained
trails can be rocky, rooty, and rolling. Your footwear needs
to provide support against ankle-twisting irregularities, protect
against the foot-bruising impact of trail debris, and perhaps
shed mud, rain, or snow.
专门的户外鞋不只是为登山者和背包旅行者准备的。不管你是在准备一次
艰苦的越野跑，还是一次轻松的午后漫步，正确的鞋都能使你更舒服更安
全。与公路和人行道不同，即使维修很好的野外道路也会布满岩石，树根
并且起伏不平。你的鞋需要提供支持以防备不规则的脚踝扭曲，提供保护
以防备道路上的碎片冲击造成脚部的擦伤，还可能要对付流动的泥巴，雨
水或者雪。

Thanks to new materials and production processes, great strides
have been made in the lightness and comfort of backcountry footwear.
Originally developed to meet the needs of backcountry users
who want to move light and fast, some of these innovations have
been incorporated into mountaineering and regular backpacking
boots.
感谢新的材料和生产工艺，在野外用鞋的轻便和舒适方面已经有了巨大的
进步。源于满足野外使用者走的更轻更快的需求，这些创新中的一部分已
经被用于登山和背包旅行用鞋上。

--------------------------------------------------------------
Intended Use: These Boots Were Made For ……
预期的使用：这些鞋是用于……

Trail Running
越野跑

Built for moving fast on uneven terrain, these shoes cushion
impact and provide good traction on rough and rooty trails.
Read the full Trail Running article to compare features when
selecting shoes.
为崎岖地形上的快速移动而构建，这些鞋可以缓和冲击，在粗糙和多树根
的道路上提供良好的附着能力。在选择鞋时，要完整阅读关于越野跑的文
章，以对比它们的特点。

Fast Forward
暴走

Used for light and fast days, non-technical approaches, or for
multi-sport days when you might be getting into a bit of everything.

They incorporate similar features as trail runners, but many
provide additional support and stability with a closer fit that
aids exact foot placements.
用于轻型和快速的，日间的非技术性穿越，或者用于多种体育项目的日间
活动，其中你会在每个项目上都进行一点。它们和越野跑鞋具有类似的特
点，但其中很多都会通过更紧密合脚以帮助脚部精确的放置，来提供附加
的支撑和稳定性。

Climbing Approach
攀登穿越

Designed for scrambles, technical approaches and descents, and
even a few easy pitches. Sticky rubber soles and shallow lugs
are designed to give you purchase on rock. The soles are often
rubber compounds, sticky at the toes and more durable and shock-absorbing
at the heels. The midsoles are designed with shorter shanks
and edging platforms to aid sensitivity when making technical
moves. Narrow toeboxes and fine-tunable lacing let you adjust
the fit when going from horizontal to vertical.
设计用于攀登，技术型穿越和下降，甚至是一些容易的攀岩。粘性的橡胶
鞋底和较浅的凹凸花纹可以使你在岩石上落脚得到支点。鞋底通常是橡胶
混合物，在脚趾处更涩，在脚跟处更耐用和减震。中底采用较短的鞋芯垫
片和切边夹层以便在进行技术性移动时更灵敏。收缩的鞋尖和可细微调节
的鞋带可使你在从水平移动转换到垂直移动时调整鞋的合脚程度。

Day Hiking
日间徒步

These shoes and boots are best for easy hikes of short duration.
They are designed for use on or off trails, with no more than
a light load. Emphasis is on lightness, comfort, stability,
and moderate support. Beefier models in this category are generally
more durable, provide greater water resistance, extra support,
and can be used for weekend trips.
这些鞋和靴最适于持续时间短的轻松徒步。为野外道路或无道路情况下的
使用而设计，最多背负很轻的负荷。强调轻便，舒适，稳定和适度的支持。
在这个种类中的加强型号通常更耐用，提供更强的防水性，额外的支持性，
可被用于周末的旅行。

Backpacking
背包旅行

Boots that will take you through multi-day hikes or over long
distances of self-supported hiking on and off trails. Some can
even be used for light mountaineering. As a result, they are
heavier, and will take longer to break in than day hiking boots.
Emphasis is on control, long-term support, water resistance,
and the boots' ability to withstand abrasion and abuse.
这类鞋可以帮你完成数天的徒步，或者在野外道路或无道路情况下的超长
距离独立徒步。某些鞋甚至可用于轻级别的高海拔登山。所以，它们更重，
需要比徒步用鞋更长的时间磨合。强调控制能力，长期的支持能力，防水
性，以及经受磨损和严酷使用的能力。

Mountaineering
高海拔登山

Designed for alpine climbing, glacier travel, or aggressive
backcountry travel. These boots are stiff and very durable.
They provide protection from cold and wet conditions, and are
usually compatible with some type of crampon. Many of these
boots are also designed to accommodate technical moves on rock
or ice that require flexibility and mobility.
设计用于高山攀登，冰川旅行，和冒险性的偏僻地区旅行而设计。这一类
鞋往往坚硬并且非常耐用。它们在寒冷和潮湿环境下提供保护，通常能配
合某些类型的冰爪。很多该类型的靴子也被设计为适应在岩石和冰雪上需
要机动和灵活的技术性移动。

户外鞋的保养

原文来自www.MEC.ca
中文翻译仅供参考，请勿用于商业用途

Footwear Care
户外鞋的保养

Outdoor footwear lasts longer and provides greater water resistance
if it's treated properly. Caring for boots is a three-part process
- cleaning, conditioning, and waterproofing. It is VERY IMPORTANT
to match the right treatment with the right boot materials.
Read any footwear hangtags or booklets with advice on proper
care, as well as the instructions for waterproofing and conditioning
products.
如果进行适当的处理，户外鞋可以使用更长时间，提供更好的防水性能。鞋
的保养是一个三步骤的过程：清洁，护理和防水处理。对适当的鞋子材料配
合使用适当的处理方式是非常非常重要的。阅读鞋上的每一个使用说明标签
和小册子，查看关于正确保养方法的建议，对防水和护理产品的使用说明也
要如此。

--------------------------------------------------------------
Cleaning
清洁

To properly clean your boots, take out the laces, scrape off
caked-on mud, and remove superficial dirt with cool water and
a cloth. Then scrub with a soft brush to remove ground-in dirt.
Rinse boots well with cold water to ensure that fine particles
are removed. Air-dry wet boots at a moderate temperature. NEVER
dry boots close to a heat source, such as a campfire or wood
stove.
要彻底清洁你的鞋，首先解下鞋带，擦掉结块的泥巴，然后用冷水和布去除
表面的泥土。接着用软毛刷刷掉表面内藏的泥土。用冷水充分地冲洗鞋，确
保细微的颗粒也被除去。在普通温度下通风干燥湿的鞋子。绝对不要把鞋靠
近热源来干燥，例如营火或者木柴火炉。

Wash the boot lining with gentle soap to rinse away accumulated
salts, then allow to dry. Leather linings can be treated with
conditioner to enhance breathability. Synthetic Cambrelle linings
can be safely washed, rinsed, and left to dry.
用温和的肥皂清洗鞋的衬里，以冲洗掉积累的盐分，然后放置干燥。皮质的
衬里可以使用护理剂处理以增强透气性。合成的Cambrelle衬里可以很安全地
洗涤、漂洗和干燥。

--------------------------------------------------------------
Conditioning
护理

Leather uppers are just like skin - if they're not conditioned,
they dry out, stiffen, and crack. Conditioners restore lubricants
to leather and keep it supple and, depending upon the conditioner,
waterproof.
皮革的鞋面就像皮肤一样：如果它们不经护理，就会干枯，变硬和破裂。护
理剂可以恢复皮革的滑润，保持柔软和防水性（这取决于不同的护理剂）。

Wear brand new, untreated boots a few times to remove the factory-applied
buffing wax. Before applying a conditioner, ensure your boots
are dry. While conditioning, pay special attention to the crease
in the upper, located above the area where bending toes cause
the sole to flex. This crease should be conditioned periodically
to prevent cracking.
把全新的，未处理过的鞋穿用一段时间，去除厂家使用的抛光蜡。在使用护
理剂之前，确保你的鞋是干燥的。在护理过程中，特别注意鞋面的折痕，它
位于导致鞋底弯曲的脚趾部位的上方。这条折痕应当被定期护理以防止开裂。

--------------------------------------------------------------
Waterproofing Treatments - Water-Based and Non-Water Based
防水处理剂－水基的和非水基的

Both silicon and wax treatments can be water-based. This means
they work best when applied to damp boots - the water in the
pores of the leather acts as a conduit for waterproofing agents
that absorb into the leather as the boots dry. Water-based treatments
are popular for full-grain (rough-out) leather, nubuck, and
suede leathers, as well as fabric and boots with Gore-Tex lining.
硅脂和蜂蜡处理剂都是水基的，这表示把它们用在潮湿的鞋上效果最好：在
皮革毛孔中的水象管道一样作用，当鞋干燥时把防水介质吸收进皮革中。水
基处理剂普遍用于全皮（毛面）皮革，nubuck和suede，对于有Gore-Tex衬
里的纤维织物和鞋一样适用。

Oil
油

Some oil-based treatments (Neatsfoot oil, saddle soap, dubbin)
actually stretch leather, which compromises the stiffness and
support of a boot. Leave these kinds of treatments for breaking
in your baseball glove!
一些油基的处理剂如牛脚油，鞍洁（Punch公司的清洁及保护皮革产品），
以及皮革用软化防水油脂，实际上会拉伸皮革，可能损害鞋的硬度和支持性。
留着这些种类的处理剂磨合你的棒球手套吧！

Some MEC treatments have small amounts of petroleum derivatives,
however, these treatments will not harm leather.
某些MEC的处理剂含有少量的石油提炼物，不过这些处理剂不会损害皮革。

Wax
蜡

The most traditional and frequently used boot treatment is some
form of wax. Wax-based treatments darken leather, especially
rough-out hides, which might detract from the appearance of
the boot.
最传统和最常用的鞋类处理剂就是一些蜂蜡。蜡基的处理剂会使皮革变得
暗淡，尤其是毛面的皮革，这可能减损鞋的外观。

These waxes work best when applied thinly and evenly with your
fingers - do not use an entire tube of goop on a pair of boots!
Some treatments come in a compact tube, which can be easily
stored in a backpack for on-the-trail touch-ups.
用你的手指薄而均匀地涂抹这些蜡，会取得最好的效果：不要把整管都用
在一双鞋上！某些处理剂保存在一个结实的小管中，可以很容易的放置在
背包里以备在路途中拿取。

Some wax-based treatments effectively seal the boot and compromise
the leather's breathability. If you're hiking in really soggy
conditions, this might be a satisfactory trade-off.

某些蜡基的处理剂可以有效的密封靴子，但同时会损害皮革的透气性。如
果你正在非常潮湿的环境中徒步，这可能是一个令人满意的交换。


Silicon
硅脂

Best applied to new boots straight out of the box, silicon treatment
will not darken or discolour leather or fabric. Silicon allows
better breathability for leather footwear than wax treatments,
but may not condition leather. Wax-based silicon treatments
offer excellent water repellency and durability, but will discolour
rough-out, suede-style, and synthetic fabrics.
最适合应用于特别直挺的新鞋，硅脂不会使皮革和纤维暗淡或褪色。对比
蜡处理剂，硅脂可使皮制的鞋获得更好的透气性，但不能护理皮革。蜡基
的硅脂处理剂提供优秀的斥水性和耐用性，但会使毛面的、suede类型的和
合成纤维织物褪色。

Fluorochemical
含氟化合物

Fluorochemical treatments are non-aerosol pump sprays designed
to work on all types of footwear, especially those made of suede
or synthetic fabric. Fluorochemicals added to silicon treatments
offer excellent durability and will not discolour the boot material.
These are NOT to be confused with volatile, ozone-depleting
CFC's (chlorofluorocarbon).
含氟化合物处理剂是非雾状的喷剂，设计用于各种类型的鞋，尤其是由suede
或合成纤维制作的鞋。含氟化合物加入硅脂处理剂中可以提供优秀的耐用性，
并且不会使鞋的材料褪色。不要把它们和易挥发，可破坏臭氧的CFC（含氯氟
烃）混淆。

原文来自www.MEC.ca
中文翻译仅供参考，请勿用于商业用途

Choosing and Layering Socks
袜子的选择和分层穿着

Feet. We make them work so hard with little regard for their
health. Aching, wet, cold and blistered feet are all too often
accepted as part of any outdoor activity. However, an effective
way to prevent blisters and sores from cutting your next trail
run, day hike, or mountain trip short is to wear well-fitting
socks that are suitable for your activity and made of the appropriate
materials. You should also layer your socks to further reduce
your chance of getting blisters.
脚，我们让它们辛苦地工作，而只给很少的关心。疼痛、潮湿、寒冷和
起水泡的脚在任何户外活动中都是经常出现的情况。无论如何，一个防
止水泡和疼痛影响你的下一次越野跑、徒步或登山的有效办法，就是穿
上适合你的活动和由适当材料制成的很合脚的袜子。你还应当分层穿着
袜子以进一步减少磨出水泡的可能。

--------------------------------------------------------------
If the Shoes Fit . . . What About Your Socks?
如果鞋合脚......你的袜子又如何？

A well fitting pair of socks is nearly as crucial as a well
fitting pair of shoes. Your socks and shoes are a system that
must work well together.
一双合脚的袜子几乎和一双合脚的鞋一样重要。你的袜子和鞋是一个必
须一起良好工作的系统。

Your socks should not change or modify the fit of the shoe.
你的袜子应当不改变或限制你的鞋的适应度。

If the sock is too big it will sag and bunch causing lumps,
discomfort, and possibly blister-causing hot spots.
如果袜子太大，它将会松弛和起褶，导致肿胀、不适，以及可能由水泡
引发的损伤。

Too tight socks restrict circulation and toe movement, which
can lead to injury.
太紧的袜子限制血液循环和脚趾的活动，可能导致受伤。

Socks should fit snugly around the heel so the socks stay up
and do not bunch or sag into the back of the shoe.
袜子应当贴身的包在脚跟周围，这样袜子保持不动，不会起褶或下垂进
入鞋的后部。

--------------------------------------------------------------
Choose the Right Socks for Your Activity
为你的活动选择正确的袜子

Choosing the best pair of socks depends on the type of shoes
you will be wearing and the weather conditions you may encounter.
For example, runners hitting the trails for an hour after work
will have different needs than the mountaineer out for the weekend.
Further, running in cold wet conditions may require different
socks or combination of socks then running in a dry hot climate.
To accommodate various conditions, socks are generally divided
into four categories: liners, lightweight, midweight, and heavyweight.
选择一双最好的袜子，依赖于你将穿的鞋的类型，以及你将遇到的天气
状况。例如，在工作后到路上跑一个小时的人和周末出去登山的人需求
是不一样的。进一步说，在湿冷环境下跑步和在干热气候下跑步对袜子
或袜子的组合的要求也不同。为了适应不同的环境，袜子一般被分为四
类：衬里，轻量级，中量级和重量级。

Liner socks can be worn alone during high-energy output activities
like trail running. They can also be worn as the inner layer
of a layering system to help prevent blisters (see Layering
to Prevent Blisters, below). The thin fabric is designed to
transport moisture outward to keep your feet cool, dry, and
comfortable.
衬里袜子可以在高体能输出的活动，如越野跑中单独穿着。它们也可以
作为一个帮助预防水泡（参看预防水泡的分层穿着，后文）的分层系统
的内层穿着。薄纤维织物被设计用于将湿气输送出去以保持你的脚凉爽、
干燥和舒适。

Lightweight socks are intended for use with trail runners, approach
shoes, and warm weather day-hiking boots.Lightweight socks often
have medium-density padding in the ball and heel for extra cushioning
as well as a thinner more breathable upper. They are perfect
for higher output activities and ideal for layering with liner
socks.
轻量级袜子是和越野跑鞋、穿越用鞋以及暖和天气的日间徒步鞋一起使
用的。轻量级的袜子通常在拇指和脚跟部位有中等密度的填充物以提供
特别的缓冲，同时脚面较薄，更透气。它们对于较高级别的外出活动非
常适合，和衬里袜子进行分层穿着也很理想。

Midweight socks are well-cushioned all-around socks that work
well with day-hiking boots and backpacking footwear. They are
perfect for three-season moderate-output activities and mate
well with liner socks.
中量级袜子是整体有良好缓冲的袜子，适于和日间徒步靴以及背包旅行
靴配合使用。它们对于三季中等强度的外出活动非常适合，也能和衬里
袜子配合良好。

Heavyweight socks are designed to provide maximum insulation
for cold weather hiking and other winter sports. They feature
well-insulated footbeds for increased warmth. Heavyweight socks
are also extra long to cover more of your lower legs. They can
also be paired with liner socks.
重量级袜子被设计用于为寒冷天气下的徒步和其他冬季运动提供最大限
度的保暖。它们的特点是隔热良好的袜底，用于提高温暖程度。重级别
的袜子也是超长的，可以更多的覆盖你的小腿。它们也能和衬里袜子同
时使用。

--------------------------------------------------------------
Comfy Cotton? Selecting the Right Materials
舒服的棉制品？选择合适的材料

When most people think of socks they think of fresh, fluffy,
white cotton tube socks. While 100% cotton socks are extremely
comfortable and perfect for casual use, they are not ideal for
high-output, self-propelled wilderness activities. Why? Because
cotton is a very absorbent, slow-drying material. Cotton socks
absorb perspiration and moisture and hold it against the skin.
The result is soggy, cold, and uncomfortable feet that get blisters
quickly.
大多数人想到袜子时，就会想到干净的、松软的、雪白的棉筒袜。虽然
全棉的袜子非常舒服，适合日常使用，但是它们并不是高强度的外出和
自给自足的野外活动的理想选择。为什么？因为棉制品是洗水性很强，
干得很慢的材料。棉袜吸收汗液和潮气，使它们贴在皮肤表面。结果就
是潮湿、寒冷以及很快磨出水泡的不舒服的脚。

Good-quality socks intended for high-output activities have
the ability move, or wick, moisture away from your feet. Socks
made from synthetic or wool fibres provide much better moisture
wicking than cotton. Socks that blend natural fibres like wool
with synthetic fibres also provide good moisture wicking.
用于高强度外出活动中的质量好的袜子，具有从你的脚上移除，或者是
通过毛细作用吸走潮气的能力。由合成纤维或羊毛纤维制成的袜子提供
比棉制品更好的吸湿性。混合天然纤维如羊毛以及合成纤维的袜子，同
样提供良好的吸湿性。

--------------------------------------------------------------
Wool Socks?
羊毛袜？

Wool socks are not what you remember. Gone are the scratchy,
ill-fitting socks of yore. Advancements in the sourcing and
manufacturing of wool have led to wool's improved performance
and popularity. The best of the bunch is merino wool.
你可能不记得羊毛袜了。昔日那种刺痒的、不合脚的袜子已经过去了。
羊毛材料和制造上的进步已经导致了羊毛制品性能和名声的提高。其中
最好的是美利奴羊毛。

Merino has superior insulating properties, even when wet. The
"naturally high-tech" moisture wicking and insulating properties
of merino wool and its distinct, soft texture make it an ideal
for material for high performance socks.
美利奴羊毛有着优异的保暖性，即使是在潮湿的情况下。美利奴羊毛的
“自然高科技”吸湿性能和保暖性能，以及它的独特的、松软的质地使
得它成为高性能袜子的理想材料。

--------------------------------------------------------------
Layering to Prevent Blisters
预防水泡的分层穿着

An effective layering "system" is the easiest way to control
body temp, perspiration, and overall comfort. The basic idea
is to keep the microclimate next to the skin as dry as possible
by wicking moisture through layers of clothing and away from
bare skin. This helps you stay drier and more comfortable so
that you can perform at your maximum potential for longer.


As with most layering systems, the inner layer helps wick perspiration
and dampness away from the skin and disperses it on to the outer
layers where it can dry faster. This improves both comfort and
warmth. In addition, layered socks help to reduce the rubbing
and chaffing that can occur between the foot and sock. By absorbing
some of the chafing, layered socks also help to reduce the odds
of blistering.

原文来自www.MEC.ca
中文翻译仅供参考，请勿用于商业用途

A Bed for Weary Feet - a Guide to Footbed Technology
为疲劳的脚准备的床－鞋垫指南

Huge strides have been achieved in the past decade in making
hiking boots fit more comfortably "out of the box", but there
are still minor tweaks and adjustments that you can make to
achieve the perfect fit.
在过去十年里，在制造“顶呱呱的”更舒服合脚的徒步鞋方面，已经
取得了巨大的进步，但你还可以进行较小的调节和修正，以达到完全
的合适。

Aftermarket footbeds or insoles can make a huge difference in
how well a boot fits. Since footbeds are sold in a variety of
shapes and sizes, it is important to know which parts of your
feet require extra support. For example, if you tend to have
a high arch you should look for a footbed with a corresponding
arch support.
作为调整配件的鞋垫或内底可以导致一双鞋适应程度的巨大差异。因
为鞋垫以多种形状和尺寸出售，所以了解你的脚的哪一部分需要特别
的支持就很重要。例如，如果你有较高的足弓，你就应该寻找一个有
相应的足弓支撑的鞋垫。

Another consideration in making your footwear as comfy as possible
is your socks. Heavier hiking boots are at their best when paired
up with a combination of a heavier outer sock and a lighter
inner sock. Lightweight footwear, such as trail runners are
best with a single pair of light socks. Socks without seams
in key wear areas such as toes will help reduce the chance of
pressure points developing.
要使你的鞋尽可能的舒服，另一项要考虑的就是袜子。重型徒步靴搭
配重型的外层袜和轻型的内层袜的组合，才是最好的。轻型的鞋，例
如越野跑鞋，最好配合一双轻型的袜子。在关键的穿用部位例如脚趾
处没有缝合线的袜子可以减少产生受压迫部位的可能性。

There are many factors that need to be considered as part of
your overall foot support system. The fit of any given shoe
will change depending on the footbed you select, along with
the kind of socks you wear (particularly the weight of the sock).
Your goal should be to test as many combinations of boots, socks,
and footbeds as possible until you find the mix that works just
right for you.
有很多因素需要作为你的脚部支持综合系统的一部分来考虑。任何给
定的鞋的适应程度将随着你选择的鞋垫而变化，也与你穿的袜子种类
有关（尤其是袜子的厚度）。你的目标是试验尽可能多的鞋、袜和鞋
垫的不同组合，直到找到适合你的配合方式。

If you have a biomechanical problem, you might consider going
to a podiatrist for a pair of custom-made orthotics. If you
already wear orthotics, make sure that your new shoes or boots
will accommodate the orthotic - in some cases, the rigid plastic
soles may not be wide enough to fit in the boot.
如果你的脚部有生物力学方面的问题，你可以考虑去看足病医生，配
一副定制的矫正器械。如果你已经在使用矫正器械，确认你的新鞋或
靴子是否适合它－在某些事例中，坚硬的整型底不够宽，不适合鞋。