Bear Safety Info: Awareness & Avoidance (ZT)

Bears: The Eight Species of Bears in the World
Distribution of the Black Bear and Grizzly Bear in North America
Black Bear’s Physical Characteristics
Grizzly Bear’s Physical Characteristics
How to distinguish between a Grizzly and a Black Bear
Differentiating Black Bear and Grizzly Bear Tracks
Try to Identify, Black Bear or Grizzly Bear?
The Black Bear’s Diet
The Grizzly Bear’s Diet
Black Bear’s Reproduction Cycle
Grizzly Bear’s Reproduction Cycle
Bear Signs
Bear Behaviours
Bear’s Reaction to Human Encounters
Threat Displays
Defensive Behaviors
Predatory Behaviors
Factors Influencing the Bear’s Behaviors
How to React to Bear Encounters
General Recommendations
Bear Encounters in the Field
Chance Encounters away from camp
The Bear Charges!
Playing Dead
There are Two Types of Bear Attacks
Provoked Attacks
Predatory Attacks
The Problem Bear
Avoiding Bear Problems
Field Workers: Precautions in Bear Country
Choosing a Camp Site
Camp Design
Food Preparation and Storage
Bear Proof Containers
Waste Disposal
Responding to a Bear in Camp
Bear Deterrents
Types of Deterrents
Noisemakers
Chemical Sprays
Bear Deterrents; Legalities and Transporting to the Research Areas
Firearms in the Field
Bear Deterrents fired from Shot-guns
Alberta Fish & Wildlife Division
Local Office Telephone Numbers
Fish & Wildlife Contact information for NWT, BC and Saskatchewan
Videos
Recommended Reading
Acknowledgements