在莽莽群山林海里的打猎休闲，除了自己的猎德，环保官以外，还有什么，会来约束您？

老上 · 发表于 2008-7-17 02:03:42

加统计局：温哥华居民最不容忍不文明行為
世界日报 2008-07-16 12:34:56

加拿大统计局15日发表的研究报告指出，全国各大城市中，温哥华居民对街头不文明行為最不能忍受。

对全国12个最大城市进行的这项研究，所指的主要街头不文明行為，包括噪音扰人、街上游荡、露宿街头、酗酒闹事、吸毒贩毒、街头卖淫等。犯罪学家所关切的这些行為，往往被视為「罪案的先兆」。研究结果显示，全国约五分之一的人对这些行為表示关切。

研究对15岁或以上的受访居民询问，他们当中有多少人会向当局举报这些不文明行為。结果显示，起码举报任何一种不文明行為者，全国平均比率為21%；全国第三大城温哥华的比率最高，达26%；全国第二大城满地可的比率亦高达24%；但全第一大城多伦多的比率仅為20%。卡加利和魁北克市的比率均為16%，全国最低。

对上述自噪音以至卖淫等各项行為会加以举报的比率，无一例外是温哥华居全国最高。温哥华举报率最高的是吸毒行為，达19%。温哥华对卖淫行為的8%举报率也明显较高，其余各市最高者只是5%。由此反映长期以来成為温哥华市中心东区痼疾的这些问题，令居民深感困扰。

以上各类行為统称為「社会不文明行為」（Social Incivility），此外有所谓「物质不文明行為」（Physical Incivility），包括毁坏公物、涂鸦、乱丟垃圾等。加拿大人对这类行為的关切度较低，平均為16%；雷振那居民对此关切度最高，达23%；其余依次為温尼辟20%，温哥华19%。

xhunter · 发表于 2008-7-17 08:09:08

思考

道德是否因人而异？或有不同层次的差别？

老上 · 发表于 2008-7-17 09:35:37

高科技狩猎引发道德争议
      自从人类学会以石掷杀猎物取食后，猎人一直是技术的开创者。步入光电时代的今日，人类用于狩猎的器件更是日新月异五花八门。在浓密的树丛中使用热感知器便可找到受伤猎物的位置；遥控摄影机可追踨猎物的途径；现在更有电动式鸭形与鹿形诱饵、电子式鸭鸣和狼鸣器，甚至有全像射击(holographic archery)视觉辅助器等高科技猎具。
      但据《美联社》之报导，最新的狩猎技术已起引道德规范之争议，且美国某些州的主管机关正准备禁止使用可让猎人极易捕获猎物的高科技发明。

      圣安东尼(San Antonio)的一位老板最近创办的一个网站：www.live-shot.com，便引发了各界的骚动。世界各地的网路用户从该网站透过滑鼠的遥控，便可射击他私人牧场中放养的珍奇猎物或野猪。

      德州野生动物协会执行主任柯比-伯朗(Kirby Brown)说：“坐在电脑萤幕前玩视讯游戏，启动摇控的射击装置射杀动物的行为并非狩猎；而且也不在道德的规范之内。”德州的猎物委员会表态同意上述看法，并朝向禁止以遥控器猎捕本土的猎物。但针对私人放养的外来种猎物的禁令，则尚需经立法机关立案通过。

      “活射(Live-Shot)”网站的拥有者约翰-洛克伍德(John Lockwood)认为他的点子不过是现在德州盛行的射鹿方式之延伸，而且它可让残障的猎人与海外服役的人员仍可享受到打猎的乐趣。

      依照他的构想，猎人从电脑终端机即可遥控一支“.30-06”莱福枪来瞄准与射击，透过摄影机的视讯传输猎人可看到猎物。这种情况就像手中持有莱福枪的隐形猎人，可为所欲为地从事危险或不道德的射击。

      几年前市面上曾销售一种品名为Robo Duk的鸭形诱饵，这种饵鸭具有电动式的翅膀，其翅膀在阳光下振动所产生的反光会令鸭群误以为有鸭子降落于水面上。其上市后便被猎人用于埋伏点。后因其提供了猎者过于有利的猎杀优势而在宾州被禁用，华盛顿州随后于2001年亦禁用此产品。

      华盛顿州鱼类与野生动物部(Department of Fish and Wildlife)狩猎科经理大卫-魏尔(Dave Ware)表示：“Robo Duk的例子与现今某些先进技术面临的问题类似；它们给猎者提供了有利的条件。”这些新科技让主管机关面临了两难：禁用？或是缩短狩猎季节？
      魏尔说：“当我们问猎人如何决择时，他们均明确表示宁可禁用这些器件，因为他们更在乎猎场渡过的时光。”

      对这些狩猎利器的禁用法规，近年先后有俄勒冈州(Oregon)与加州跟进。俄勒冈禁用机械式饵鹿；加州则于猎鸭季后期禁用机械式诱饵；阿拉巴马州去年亦禁用动力式诱饵。这个议题已持续在美国各地展开热烈讨论。

      俄勒冈州为了让射箭者能享受较长的猎季，便规定禁止机械式箭头的使用。因这种箭头会在撞击猎物瞬间才撑开，使箭支在飞行中的风阻降低而易于命中目标。

      另一个可享有较长猎季的团体，则是采用如前膛式(muzzleloader)之旧型猎枪的猎人。俄勒冈州甚至规定猎枪的击发装置必须不能够防风雨。

      俄勒冈州鱼类与野生动物部经理汤姆-桑顿(Tom Thornton)说：“现在(我们)有意回复到保持使用原始武器的方式来行猎。”现在有些打猎的老手已不再追求摩登，反而采用复古的方式。例如前华盛顿州前膛枪协会(Washington State Muzzleloaders Association)会长华特-克利斯坦森(Walt Christensen)已计画于下一个猎季改用燧石发火之旧型枪(flintlock)，与他的猎友共同寻求挑战老技术的刺激。

      克利斯坦森说：“不论你采用何种武器，狩猎中你必须回归到一个概念--不要远在4,000码(3.657公里)之外射杀猎物，即使广告说那是可以办得到的。”

      即使猎具发明家们仍不断发展出更有效的行猎技术，但在狩猎运动的行里行外均会引发更多的道德疑虑。

老上 · 发表于 2008-7-17 10:14:19

老上我文化不高，且老眼昏花。这里想请网上的秀才，翻译成清楚一点的汉字。先谢谢了！

为的是，帮大家，减少和杜绝今后－可能被举报的麻烦

Hunter Code of Ethics
1. Ethical hunters respect the animals we hunt, and, when we hunt, we do so responsibly.
2. Ethical hunters are students of nature - learning as much as possible about the game pursued, its habitat, habits and life cycle.
3. Ethical hunters support the concept of "fair chase".
4. Ethical hunters are skilled in the use of the tools of hunting. When we shoot, we do so accurately and safely.
5. Ethical hunters are true conservationists who believe in the sustainable use of natural resources. Our interest in wildlife and the environment includes non-game and endangered species.

－－－－－－－

hunting is a cultural activity of significant value, once deeply rooted in all peoples, and now being eroded because of a lack of understanding as to what true hunting is about. Game and Forest Management, Conservation, Ecological Considerations, Constitutional Issues etc. are all means to this end. They must continue to be refined and improved, but they in themselves cannot be the end goal. The end goal is that we retain a valuable piece of human culture which is global in scope.

－－－－－－－－－

Hunting Ethics

Hunting ethics is a term which defines the true standards, conduct and moral judgement of a sportsman. Some say that people's hunting ethics are also a mirror image of the rest of their personal lives.

Ethics for the hunter can be broken down into personal and public ethics. The personal ethics of a sportsman deal with the way he treats his, the animals and other hunters. Though often distasteful, personal ethics do not usually entail illegal activity. On the other hand, public ethics deal with issues such as breaking game laws, trespassing on private property, poaching, etc. Personal Ethics

Every ethical hunter should practice personal ethics as a way of showing respect for his fellow sportsmen and the animals. Instead of fighting over a particular hunting area, it is considered ethical to share the area or invite the other hunter to hunt it one day and then you hunt it the next day.

Personal disregard for another hunter's right to be in the woods should also be avoided, such as making noise to chase away game because someone beat you to your favorite spot, or putting on a drive where other hunters are stand hunting.

One of the most ethically irresponsible things a hunter can do is not follow up his shot. Always do everything possible to retrieve a wounded animal, including spending the entire day looking for it. Public Ethics

Party hunting, shooting an animal for another hunter, poaching, or leaving a deer in the woods because it is "just" a doe or small buck are not only grossly unethical, but also illegal. If the sportsman is supposed to be in the deer woods to commune with nature and enjoy the animals we love so much, it is reasonable that an ethical hunter would not even consider some of the above mentioned ethical and legal violations.

Today, hunters are waging a battle against anti-hunters. We're also waging a more discouraging battle against adverse publicity from those few unethical sportsmen who's actions give the majority of ethical, law abiding hunters a black eye.

Ultimately, public opinion will decide whether hunting as we know it will continue. It is our duty to do everything possible to win this war.

原住民的文章
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/2921/LRE001.html
政府部门的文章
http://wildlife.utah.gov/wr/0710ethics/0710ethics.pdf
更多的猎人道德和行为规范的讨论；
Hunting - Ethical － Moral

老上 · 发表于 2008-7-17 10:37:26

猎人的德行，古今中外，都还是有大概相同的内容。并不因为个人的经验。和科技的进步而有显著的差别！对吗？

有那位，能够找出藏文，蒙古文等等的猎人道德文章，翻译出来给我们看看。谢谢了！

Hunting has two kinds of laws.

One is the written law that is enforced by the game warden. The other is unwritten. It is an ethical code or code of honor that the true sportsman places on himself or herself.

Most hunters obey the game laws, but that alone is not enough.  Without ethics, man or woman can be a licensed, law abiding hunter and still be a poor sportsman.

There is nothing illegal about shooting at a running whitetail deer over 600 yards away (with a rifle) or trying to down a bird flying over 100 yards high or shooting an arrow at an animal that is out of his or her effective shooting range. It is certainly unethical and only a poor sportsman would try it.

The ethical hunter knows both the limits of his or her equipment and their shooting ability and always tries for a clean quick kill.  In addition, the ethical hunter obeys all laws when hunting. The hunter acts as a goodwill ambassador for the sport and for all other hunters.

He or She knows that the town, where road signs are used for target practice, quickly removes the welcome mat for hunters. And the farmer whose property or livestock are abused will post his land and forbid further hunting.

A real sportsman does all they can to grow in hunting skills.  If he or she is not a good shot, they will work hard at it and practice all they can. A real sportsman learns all about their quarry. He or she learns all about the range that they hunt.  In other words he/she has respect for their quarry and hunts it in only fair and sporting ways.  As an ethical hunter, a real hunter believes in "fair chase", and never takes unfair advantage of the game being hunted.  This principle of "fair chase" is often part of the law.

On the other hand it may not be against the law to shoot a bird on the ground or a duck swimming in the water or a rabbit in hiding, but the ethical hunter will never do that.

A person who takes pride in hunting and in themselves being hunters always hunts in such a way that neither he / she nor the game they hunt is ever shamed. The ethical hunter treats game with respect both before and after the shot.

That is why the ethical bird hunter, if they can afford to keep one, uses a trained bird dog.  The dog is used not to just find the birds, but to recover them when they are downed.

The big game hunter makes every possible effort to avoid wounding game, and if that is the case, all further hunting is stopped until the game is found.  He or She will even abandon hunting to help another hunter find wounded game.

The ethical hunter never takes more than the legal limit of game.  But more important, he/she never takes more than they can use.  Game is cleaned quickly and skillfully and brought to the kitchen in prime condition.  It is never wasted and real pride is taken in this because it is a sure sign of the hunter's skill and knowledge. It also shows that respect for game is a part of his or her self respect as a seasoned hunter.

There are two main kinds of people in this world, the givers and the takers. The ethical hunter is a giver.  The unethical hunter - the poacher, the man or woman who breaks the game laws and sets no standard for his or her conduct as a hunter is a taker.

It is the ethical hunter who gives a friend the advantage for getting a good shot and who likes the odds in his hunting slanted in favor of the game hunted.  The ethical hunter takes pleasure in sharing the game that is taken with those whose land was hunted.

It is the ethical hunter who is willing to take the time to introduce a youngster to the enjoyment of the hunting experience.

The unethical hunter, the taker, never gives anyone an even break.  They are people who brag about their success when a limit is filled or makes excuses when it is not.  They will hunt private property without permission and show no respect for the land on which they trespassed.  The driving force is never the thrill of the hunt, but how much game can be shot.

While even the ethical hunter may never enjoy the full approval of the non-hunting public, the public may at least tolerate them.  And as public awareness of the hunter's significant role in conservation increases, anti-hunting sentiment may recede.

What type of hunter are you?

stanley_lo41 · 发表于 2008-7-17 15:40:47

抓到就是不道德，没抓到的就算是道德。
猎人违规我想大部分人都有过吧？违规但不是违法。

老上 · 发表于 2008-7-18 10:26:30

猎人之初，
原本粗蛮。
违规枉法。
小菜一碟
诸性相近，
久习相远。

苟不互教，
性乃迁偏。
学教之道，
贵以专精。

可昔孟母，
不上猎网
仅择邻处。
聪子不学，
枉断机杼。

今加拿大，
新有义方。
互教五湖，
美名炎黄

－－－－－未完待续：
养不教，父之过。教不严，师之惰。子不学，非所宜。幼不学，老何为。
玉不琢，不成器。人不学，不知义。为人子，方少时。亲师友，习礼仪。
香九龄，能温席。孝于亲，所当执。融四岁，能让梨。弟于长，宜先知。

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在莽莽群山林海里的打猎休闲，除了自己的猎德，环保官以外，还有什么，会来约束您？

狩猎的道德争议议题

狩猎四字经