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《兵书战册――驼鹿之猎杀》
大侠，如果您从未并且准备猎杀驼鹿？，
那么首先／最重要需要明确的是：驼鹿是几乎是北美最大的草食猎物。
*成熟公牛：可以超过一千五百磅。
*成熟母牛，重量也将近半吨多。
*即使是当年犊牛，秋季也会超过400磅。
猎杀驼鹿的核心问题；，就是将有大约400至700磅的肉类，及高达65磅的鹿角，要从枪击现场运送到机动车上！
―――― 老猎人的古训是：宁可放过一千，切不可射杀一个距离机动车两公里以外的驼鹿！
不难算个小帐，普通人们，在百老汇大路行走的平均速度是：每小时5公里左右。而在崎岖的山路上。 大力士的你， 一次能够背70－80磅，已经费解完的战利品。 每次一个小时左右大约十次往返。 血淋淋地洒在山路。在饥肠辘辘的棕熊／美洲狮的眼前路过！在你开动皮卡前， 真还不知道谁是谁的猎物？！
驼鹿的活动密度，可以从低至1驼鹿／30平方英里，也以高达五只或以上／平方英里。 取决于其食物的分布。
最容易发现驼鹿的地方：是森林或灌木丛的低洼环境，而不是开放苔原沼泽。和高海拔的山区。
驼鹿的四季的食谱及其活动场合是：
夏：在较为开阔的湿草地和在池塘 新鲜的阔叶和灌木的嫩芽。天气越是炎热，驼鹿越喜好狂饮水 于是乎有说法是‘近水楼台“――先得驼鹿！
秋：木本的柳树，杨树和桦树等细小树枝。交配。或者在迁移之中。于是乎有说法是‘识途知其捷径之老猎者，―――狭路相逢驼鹿！反之；不知其规律的；也就是“大深林里捞针”了！
冬：早冬时节，象是钻石叶柳树，车辙等尚未被积雪覆盖的低灌木区域常可见之。。积雪与否是驱赶驼鹿活动的主要因素。沿着溪流小河的那些，稍微高柳树类型灌木，因为在积雪时仍然不落叶。严冬期间是吸引驼鹿的主要“食物超市”！山火和伐木后的空旷区，新幼的阿斯树和小桦木。 亦是它们的“人民广场”！
春：“吃柿子专找软的拈”，一旦草本植物等牧草出现。那可就是一派：“风吹草低见――驼鹿”！
――――老上的语录：“民以食为天（动）。物以（食）物为地！”
驼鹿的迁移：
有些常年活动在5平方英里的有肥美食物地方。有的则习惯于季节性来回迁居上百英里。亚高山的车辙地区到低洼沼泽。行为取决于其家族的教育！林车辙地区往往是：老头子在前，少男随之，母儒最后跟进。其具体的迁移途径和亚模式是复杂的。也是让经验老道的猎手也感到困惑。
踪迹
为迎候王公老男，许多猎人都是在开猎前，进入所谓“草木蕙穗之交的山岔路口”潜伏观测。
因为各地的开猎季节，多是由牧草低地到灌木丘陵转向。
深秋和低气温猎区，四周覆盖嫩苗小枝节的灌木丛的溪流小河，则是理想的狩猎蹲点！
外行看热闹，内行看门道。
1：摩擦破皮的树干，是各种雄鹿磨蹭创击脱掉鹿角的不二标识。也是向其它对手 “此山我为王“的宣示。细心的猎手，会根据树体”皮开肉绽“的新鲜程度，来判别游行的时间表。
去年的！――也许尚未驾到？
今年的！――也许望尘莫及？
2；排泄物。夏季的近似奶牛粪便。冬季呈团块状。秋季则是松散的团块状。近乎巧克力色大小如杏仁的粪便，是其食谱从牧草到树叶变化的直接证据。
－――老上语录：寻猎，就是要紧紧地以粪便为核心。围绕之，团团转！
驼鹿的感官/狩猎的考虑因素
驼鹿具有良好的感官：嗅觉突出，辅以听觉和视力，以帮助他与同性的竞争，和保护识别，免遭天敌-山狮，狼和熊。尤其是要躲避本站上你我等猎人网友。
无论伏击／寻猎，让“春风拂面”而不是“占上风”是古今猎人遵守的律法。尽管你身着特殊的静音迷彩服， 又喷晒了气味消除剂！
驼鹿的视线，足以发现500米以外的过于张扬的人影。
狩猎技术：
摸黑的一大早晨／夕阳黄昏是古今猎人不三的选择。
出营地前，皇族们都将吃喝拉洒，提前且尽情地完成。
在看好并且选定猎场风水以后。等待你的，往往是厚密的树丛里，驼鹿鹿角撞击小树枝的轻响。寻声25-40X望远镜在支架仔细观察， 而不是随机扫描。
备好地图和GPS, 乘小舟顺溪流小河安静而下。即浪漫且最容易和喜欢戏水的驼鹿 “不期而遇”
大小车行的路途旁的草木， 因为“污染”而比原始丛林里，更富含动物缺乏的多种盐分和矿物。而吸引猎物的光顾。
驼鹿的呼叫。 留心聆听猎物的各种呼叫。各猎具店都有猎物呼叫的哨笛。及其录音器具。包括模仿鹿角撞击的玩艺。注意在丛林里，直接用电声设备是违法的。
老上我的建议：用MP3灌制，在耳机里播放， 你自己来个“鹦鹉学舌”。得反复练习。现学现用，是不会有博士水平的出招。 反可能吓跑了猎物。西人网上，图书馆都有大量的资料供参考。
九月中旬， 是雄男们睾丸激素喷发期，极具进攻性。挑衅性的呼叫和鹿角撞击树枝的声响，处处可闻。经验猎手多是先听到这种信号以后。再模仿之。
有母鹿的队长，他是不会过来的。猎人你需要的跟进。而没有老婆的王老五。 他会以为你是妻妾成群部落酋长，可能主动向用公雄之声的你靠近／进攻！向发出母雌之声的你。单刀赴会！
研究认为：母驼鹿之：“母――奥” 高――低－高” “mo-ooo-ah”比较有吸引力。
最基本的驼鹿狩猎工具： 无外乎一把好的猎枪
―――能够将150克弹头以每秒2500英尺出膛速度／或者更大火力。不超过十倍便于搜索的瞄准镜，远近300码“丘比特”之准确一击的信心！
锋利的猎刀／猎锯。
――― 优质软钢刀，剥皮刀，和一钻石锐化钢刀。 外加手锯。
能够装载大鹿角的优质合适的支架背包，猎物包裹袋。头罩电筒和足够的电池。
飞机， 加上马达驱动充气排伐 是富豪们猎获驼鹿的有效工具。
阿拉斯加，也有人用气球空降无人区的。
小型内河船，独木舟和皮划艇，则是避开猎季拥挤的其他车驱猎人的经济选择。
四驱皮卡，SUV 最为普遍。猎季条条幽静的小路皆可见新鲜其轮胎印记！
枪击点： 多选择躯干的前1／3.瞄准肺叶是最佳的选择。 稍高，可能击中脊柱，正中则可能穿心。稍偏也能够造成气胸／血胸。猎伴和你自己，都要准备及时地补上第二，三枪。
你的目标它可是有时速35英里奔跑和游泳十英里的矫健肌肉和体力。
后续的追踪。真是无奈的举措。枪击以后，千万不要立即出现在猎物的视野里，这将是愚蠢的驱赶游戏。经验猎人一定会，让其在稀里糊涂之中流干血。
即使是在你的视野里，已经见到倒地的猎物，需耐心的观察，确信猎物不会垂死反抗再靠近之！又因为驼鹿体积庞大。受到枪击并不像其他小猎物会立刻倒地死亡。猎手们须仔细判断是否打中／受伤／飞靶？
在沿血迹等追踪受伤驼鹿时。注意打开GPS, 用猎刀或者彩色飘带一路留下返回记号。当受到惊吓和射击时，驼鹿多本能地奔向附近有水深的池溏／沼泽等，以深陷泥潭的自救来逃避腿脚较短的狼熊的追捕。经验猎人应当耐心等待其返回较干燥的高地，再去结果之。否则在淤泥松软的湖底与之折腾。后续将实在不是一个美妙的经历。
自然／天敌／竞争／等多种因素。一般驼鹿的分布密度是每平方英里一头以下。超过了这个平均数，有关当局才会计划地让猎人得有机会之。而且大多数都是只允许射杀鹿角大到50英寸，分叉四支的成年公鹿。其平均年寿可以达15－20岁。也偶然有因过度繁殖而允许射杀母驼鹿的情况。
出猎时须确信你比当地还保官员更清楚当时的条款！
辛苦万分但最后凯旋归来的你，将和你的亲友们，来分享最肥美的野味佳肴――驼鹿肉。
又及 （择要转贴）
What to Look for and Where
There are a variety of signs one can look for when locating moose. The best place to begin is on the ground. Most obvious will be their droppings. Resembling over-sized chocolate-covered almonds, they are unmistakable. Pellets range from an inch to an inch-and-a-half in length. Apart from elk droppings, which are slightly smaller, moose leave uniform piles that serve as tell tale signatures of where they once stood. Test them for firmness and you'll be able to read just how fresh they are. If they're soft, chances are you may be hot on the trail of a moose. If they're cold and firm, you could get lucky and see one, but more likely than not, that animal is long gone.
Poke around a bit and, you'll probably discover tracks nearby. Tracks from a young moose can be difficult to discern from those made by an elk. Seasoned hunters, on the other hand, have little trouble identifying the distinct imprint left by a mature bull. Dewclaw prints seen in most tracks, particularly in those left by a bull, will often be more pronounced with the front of the hooves typically splayed apart. An average bull moose track measures around six-inches in length and 4-inches in width.
Elevating your search by four feet, almost universally, browse can be an exceptional indicator of where moose are feeding. Young saplings offer a nutrient-rich snack for these large herbivores. Find heavily browsed areas, those with shrubs chewed off at chest-height, and chances are you're on the right track.
In the early season, mineral licks can be great moose factories. During those hot early fall days of August and September, moose frequent licks. Remembering that patience is a virtue, many stand hunters capitalize on these moose magnets before the temperature drops. When the weather turns cool, moose and other ungulates visit licks less often. By the third week of September, most moose are well on their way to carrying out the many rituals involved with breeding. This phenomenon brings with it rut sign. Old or new rubs are prime indicators of moose rut activity. Bulls have already begun rubbing antlers on aspen, willow and spruce trees. These rubs are usually made between three and seven feet in height and on larger trees (i.e., eight to 10-inches in diameter). At this time of year, searching for visual indicators like these will always help, but listening can often produce much better results as both cows and bulls become increasingly vocal.
Curious by Nature
Moose, while generally considered reclusive, are curious creatures. Regardless of the time of year, moose will almost always stop to inspect the sounds of a peer. Perhaps best known to hunters during the fall rut, calling can be an effective way to not only attract moose, but also stop them in their tracks. Along with their curious nature comes a propensity for hanging up just outside of a hunter's shooting range. Seasoned moose hunters will attest to the ease with which bull moose can be drawn in to the call. However, most will also testify that bulls, especially mature ones, will often stop a certain distance from the hunter's position. In my experience, that magical tolerance distance is about 40 yards. Yes, periodically, they'll come chugging in like a freight train, but more often than not, it's best to position a shooter some 30 yards downwind as moose have an uncanny sense of smell and will commonly circle downwind to try to capture scent. Frankly with a nose like theirs, little goes unnoticed!
Calling moose, while relatively simple, does require attention to subtleties. Most hunters use their voice, but supplementing these vocalizations with either a homemade or commercially manufactured cone can augment your call to the perfect pitch. I personally use a birch bark cone. These can be crafted from dense birch bark or purchased from a hunting supply retailer. Otherwise, Buck Expert is one company that manufactures a handy synthetic cone for calling moose. One of the best resources I've discovered is a DVD series produced by renowned Ontario moose hunting expert Alex Gouthro. In his videos he offers a step-by-step look at the vocalizations produced by moose and how hunters can use these to get close enough for a shot.
Best Time to Hunt
For die-hard moose hunters, peak of the rut is a favorite. With a broad three-week window of opportunity, calling to attract a bull or even a cow to within range is most effective from September 22nd through October 10th. This is not to suggest that calling doesn't work at earlier or later times, but rather that this timeframe is when preparation for, and the first estrus takes place. In my experience, September 29th to October 7th has always produced the best action. It is during this time that the majority of cows go into their two to three day estrus. Like most ungulates, being in the woods when this hormonal switch is turned on, can be a magical experience.
A few years back I'd been searching for one particular bull throughout the month of September. Having had several close encounters with smaller bulls, cows and calves, I had my heart set on one individual. With large palmated antlers, I conservatively estimated he had a 55-inch spread and would easily make the Pope & Young record book. As luck would have it, on October 2nd, I revisited my favorite spot and just like a dinner bell, as I still-hunted along the edge of a clearing, a bull responded to my lovesick moans. In response, I managed to sneak in to a nearby tree stand and continued communicating with the bull. In short order I saw one of the smaller bulls come crashing through the underbrush racing in to inspect my wanton cries for love. Obviously agitated, the young bull was reluctant to leave. Standing just 10 yards from the base of the tree I was sitting in, he paced back and forth for several minutes all the while grunting feverishly. Eventually he grew frustrated and left.
Granted, scenarios like this don't happen every day, but in my experience, that eight-day window in early October frequently presents not only ample opportunity to communicate with cow calls, but bulls will readily aggress toward grunt calls from intruding peers. For the ultimate in close-encounter hunting, calling moose at the peak of the rut offers unparalleled excitement. |
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发表于 2008-8-22 14:24:30
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