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发表于 2011-9-2 18:42:34
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about kayaking(ZT)
独木舟皮划艇分为皮艇和划艇两个项目，英文名称分别为Kayak(原意指爱斯基摩人的独木舟)和Canoe(原意也是指独木舟)，均是由古代重要的交通工具独木舟发展而来。
爱斯基摩人的独木舟是由兽皮（主要是海豹皮）加内骨架组成的，使用双桨，也就是两头分别都有桨叶。而canoe独木舟（如非洲部落）是单独用一根树干掏空后做成的，桨一般都是单头桨。
皮划艇作为正式的竞技体育运动最早起源于19世纪60年代的英国，而我国是最近几天才发展起来，玩皮划艇比较多的地区是深圳，广州等南部沿海城市。
皮划艇运动又分：静水皮划艇和白水皮划艇，所谓静水就是flatwater，一般指落差不大，水流平缓的江河湖海等水域，白水就是Whitewater，是指那种落差比较大，有激流，三级以上的水域。
静水皮划艇的特点：艇比较长，艇比较窄，速度快，循迹性好但不灵活。
白水皮划艇的特点：艇较静水艇较短，艇比较宽，速度慢，循迹性不好但异常灵活。
皮划艇落水救援技巧
一、人船救援方式 （人船都在一起时）
1、倒卷吸住自救法：先自我翻船或脱离，将划桨推入水底，利用水底强劲水流会将人船拉出 (水浅时适用) 。
2、倒卷吸住时：使用抛绳救援，朝向头部上方投扔抛绳，大声喊(抛绳)，将(人船)拉出 (掷抛绳的方位最好是头部上方或是下游处50公分以内)。
3、倒卷吸住时，脱离自救，脱离后使用IRIA 确保漂流动作，自我确保漂流至潭区游上岸。
4、卡住石头时： (a)左右摇晃 (b)顶桨 (c)舟友掷抛绳的救援 (c)请求救援(吹哨) (d)脱出之后以IRIA 确保漂流上岸 (e)舟友下船以抛绳确保，溯溪至河中石救援。
二、救船方式
1、水域对(河中石)救援方法：如(沙洲、河中石、漂流木）
(1) 使用橡皮艇载运解救卡住河中石的船只，划船靠近河中石解救围困河中石的船方式，水流强劲时，以左右岸各一条抛绳于上游确保拉船至河中石下游的回旋区，以便确保救援者登上河中石救援，另一条抛绳于下游确保待解救完成后，协助救援船只脱离回旋区，是一种Y字型的确保方式。
(2) 划船至河中石，将绑好抛绳的(大D)扣住围困船只的提把，救援者快速划船靠岸及上岸后，将(被救船)拉回 (注意:需配合快扣使用)。
2、岸边对水域救援船只的方法
(1) 投抛绳救船方式：抛绳绑住大石，投入座舱中将围困的船只拉出(倒卷吸住适用) 。
(2) 以抛绳确保救船方式：一人于岸上拉住抛绳做确保，另一人带着(有确保的抛绳)跳入水中拉住船。
(3) 船被倒卷流吸住时，将划桨事先黏好系有抛绳的(大D)勾住被倒卷流吸住船只的把手， 拉住抛绳将船拉出。
(4)船被倒卷流吸住时，利用树枝、竹子的分岔去勾船或树枝绑住(大D)去勾船。
3、船对船救援法
(1) 抛绳绑住充气舟，一人岸上确保拉住抛绳，另一人划船靠近将被救者的船拉住船。
(2) 划船靠近，推他一把(缓流卡住船时适用)。
(3) 使用(拉船绳组)拉船，潭区适用，若水太急无法及时靠岸，立即解开快扣。
4、陆地对陆地救援
(1) 传递接驳独木舟，边遶或高遶时适用。
(2) 将船抛入水里，下游接船，适用于 (瀑布) (栏沙坝) (高遶) 时使用。
(3) 使用抛绳抛向对岸的将对岸的船拉到这岸 (两岸接驳适用) 。
三. 【救人】
1、岸边对水域救人方法
(1) 拉抛绳救援法：一人于岸上拉住抛绳做确保，另一人拉抛绳的一端跳入水中救人!(需注意: 配合快扣使用，遇危急时可快速脱离。
(2) 掷抛绳救援法：掷抛绳向被救者的下游50公分以内，救援经验告诉我们，最好抛向头部(正上方)，因为人在水中的飘流速度比抛绳快。
(3) 抛绳绑住岸边大石救援法：抛绳绑住岸边大石头、树木，救援者跳入水中救人，拉住人后，水流会将人自然带到岸边(救援人数不足时使用)。
2、水域对河中石救人法
(1) 充气式独木舟救援法：利用充气式独木舟到沙洲、河中石、对岸接人。
(2) 被救者于河中石掷抛绳给岸上人员，岸上有确保后跳入水中脱出。
3、水域对水域救人法
(1) 划船靠近(落水者)，让他抓住你的船尾，顺水流漂并划船靠岸 (缓流’潭区适用)。
(2) 划船取抛绳的一端给(落水者)后，救援者快速划船靠岸，并跳下船拉住抛绳，让被救者自然靠岸(河流宽广，抛绳不够长时适用) 。
4、自救
(1)使用(IRIA)的基本动作漂流至潭区上岸
(2)找安全点游泳靠岸，并翻转身体上岸
(3)拉住草、树木、抱住大石头
(4)翻船时: 一定要抓住船，或是趴再船上 ，跟传在一起飘比较安全！
5、救桨
(1)掉桨时要大声喊(桨掉了)，引起下方船友注意帮拣
(2)往石堆，倒卷搜索
(3)往下游潭区寻找
(4)急造用桨: 利用两只Y形树枝， 配合抛绳或胶布制作
6、捡到桨时
(1)使用拖船绳组的大D勾住桨带回
(2).重迭划桨带回
(3)轻抛回细石岸边或是静态水流区域
7、下船
离开船时：
(1)确定船只停放到适当位置以免飘走
(2)行走岸边时随身带抛绳，以备紧急状况发生 (如有人落水或有船下漂可以立即救援)。
狼徒户外温馨提示：五月狼徒户外将推出皮划艇水上游，敬请关注
独木舟操作要领
2009-07-07 14:08
内容提纲翻译
欢迎
第一篇 开始篇
1． 装备术语
2． 近水码头入船
3． 岸边入船
4． 保持平衡
第二篇 用桨动作篇
1． 把持船桨
2． 正向用桨
3． 利用船桨的舵功能
4． 扫桨转向
5． 侧倾船体转向
6． 横向平移
7． 反向用桨
第三篇 安全技术篇
1. 前言
2. 翻覆出仓及游泳拖船
3. 有协助排水反转船体
4. 船桨浮力袋自助排水反转船体
5. 有协助重新入船
6. 船桨浮力袋自助重新入船
第四篇 船桨压水平衡法和爱斯基摩翻滚
1． 失位复位基础
2． 船侧浅压水回位
3． 船侧深压水回位
4． 爱斯基摩翻滚复位
部分翻译：
欢迎
学习划独木舟是极有趣的一件事，还很简单。在这里，您能找到关于海洋舟非常实用的教学动画。我们从基本的开始介绍，内容涵盖：基本动作配合和复位自救技术。希望大家玩得愉快。
入船
掌握了要领，进出海洋舟就变得很容易。最方便的下水点可选在亲水码头，在入船前，务必检查一遍所有装备。
首先，检查救生衣是否穿戴好，如果使用防水裙，可以先卷起，以免入舱时坐在裙上，将船桨放在伸手可及的地方。
时刻记得，当需要把您的重量加在船上时，一定要加在船的中心线上，否则太容易覆舟。先要按紧座舱栏的后延，脚的位置也要放在座舱中心线附近。然后把身体抬起，注意重量要慢慢加在手上，将身体放入座舱。出舱的顺序相反。如果使用防水裙，连接时从后往前，两侧同时动手最为方便。
如果没有亲水码头，可以找其它合适的下水点。该处最后水流平缓，且有合适的深度。找个可以依靠的物体，比如岸边石，先用马步将船限制在胯下，将船桨放在座舱栏后，一端搁在岸边石上，一手按紧座舱栏的后延，用拇指扣住船桨杆，另一手按牢岸边石，并固定住放在石上的那个桨端，如此一来，您就有了一个很稳定的依托。但不要给桨过大的压力，否则易折。虚坐在座舱边沿，此时脚仍然承受着主要的重量。
用一只脚和按在岸边石上的手承重，慢慢抬起另只脚，放入座舱内，随后放入整个身体，在完全做好前，适度在岸边石上借力保持平衡。 如果有朋友在身边，那样可由朋友固定船体，方便入船。
保持平衡
海洋舟一般很窄，这样设计易于高速前进，但您必须主动保持平衡，这个并不太难，自然随意即可。
为了保持平衡，上身必须放松，随波浪起伏，做类似钟摆的动作。放松腹部和下腰处，让水波自由地左右摇摆船体。
保持视线水平，同样有助于平衡。不要用力把自己在固定舟上，这样易于翻船，而不会给您更多的平衡。
如果您稍微失去平衡，需要借一下力，可以快速地在水面上用船桨背面拍击。这样可以给你一个恢复平衡的外力，但这个外力不会持续多久，所以必须在其消失前恢复平衡。
有其它一些保持平衡的方法，详见后文的船桨压水平衡法和爱斯基摩翻滚。
用桨动作篇
把持船桨
在划船前，需要了解船桨的工作原理，合适的握法。虽然看似容易，但有不少值得留意的小技巧。
1． 比如，您在游泳的时候，划水的手掌会形成一个凹形，一些标准的桨，例如Europaddles，它们的桨面也是有弧度的。内凹的一面称为施力面，因为这一面产生推进舟体的动力。另一面就叫做背面。
2． 大多数的船桨桨面稍微有些不对称，以帮助船桨在水下更平滑地运动，所以不要拿反船桨。
3． 推荐的两手握桨间距大致和两肘距离相同，或稍小一些。在划船时，可以自由调整该间距，以便于更好地在各个肌肉上分配负载。如果需要更大的划船力量或控制力，可以稍微增大间距，相反，如果长途滑行，可以适度缩小。
4． 典型的旅行舟桨片有一个角度差，像飞机的螺旋桨，这样有利于减小风对水面之上桨片的阻力。一只桨有左手桨和右手桨之分，左手桨为左撇子设计，较少见，后文主要针对右手桨。
5． 右手桨：您的右手是控制手，这意味着，该手握桨处是固定的，而且在划桨过程中不改变。控制手用来调整桨面的运动角度。不要过于用力地抓着船桨，不然容易疲劳。
6． 您的左手松握桨杆，让右手来调整桨的角度，用来划水、击水借力和翻船后的翻滚复位。“右手紧，左手松”是个比较理想的方式，适用于不同类型的划水、复位和转向动作。
正向用桨
1． 把船往前划很容易，但正确的技术让您划水更快更高效，而且可以减少关节的负载。接下去是一些基本的正向用桨技术。但请注意，适合您的用桨方式需要结合您的身体条件以及桨的类型。
2． 好的姿势是问题的关键，这样您能更有效地运动您的全身。坐正，放松肩部，展胸利于高效的呼吸，不要靠着靠背。
3． 并拢双腿，把脚抵紧脚蹬。调整好脚蹬的位置，让膝盖稍微弯曲，这个姿势能在必要时施力于船舱内侧提供额外的平衡。并拢双腿能更好地保证躯干的转动，来高效地划船。
4． 重要的一点是：身体躯干和双腿在划船时起了绝大部分的作用，您的肩部和双臂只是起了传递力量的作用。在学习体会这个原理时，可以先保持双臂笔直，只用身躯转动来划船。在划船时，可以想象您正在把自己相对于桨，向前向后抬拉（pulling）。 题外话：这句太难翻了，没有实际体会，高手来斧正一下。
5． 刚开始划水时，扭转身形，这时船桨在您脚旁逼近船的吃水线位置。在下方的手臂几乎伸直，在上方的手臂弯曲放松，手腕靠近下巴。划水一边的脚踩紧脚蹬，船桨入水时有类似矛刺戳的动作。
6． 恢复扭转的身形，开始划水，并保持在下位的手臂近直，划水一边的脚踩紧脚蹬提供助力，在划水的前阶段施加较多的力量，而在结束阶段施加较少的力量。这是因为在桨刚入水时，桨手躯干部位的主要肌肉有很好的角度，能较轻松产生较大的力量。
让您上位的手臂放松，松松地把持船桨，使得相应肌肉得到休息。上位的手保持在眼睛的水平，让该手在身体旁运动，来保持船桨竖直。
当下位手划到桨手腹部水平时，结束一次划水。如果在更低处结束划水，船桨在水里拖行，会产生阻力，减慢舟速。
桨叶在舟的后侧远离舟身处出水，用肘带动桨出水，手腕顺从。注意：桨叶出水时相应的肘部不能高于肩部，让您的前臂顺着身躯的转动而运动。
桨叶完全出水后，继续扭转上身，这样能让您尽可能远地准备另一侧的划水。
划桨时保持动作流畅，记住正向用桨和在一条直线上划桨是两码事，经常检查下列易犯错误：
体姿不正确
躯干转动不足
每次划桨结束得太慢，出水点相对臀部太后
在上位的手伸得太前，导致一个不高效的划桨角度
划桨时重心偏移突然，导致舟身左右晃荡
手腕用力过度导致弯曲
利用船桨的舵功能
有许多不同的方法可让船变向，最“简单”的可以采用一个以脚蹬来控制的船舵。不过这个装置太豪华了，我们需要更实用的办法。在本部分，我们来看看如何使用船桨来达到船尾舵的功效。这是一个非常好的办法，让我们即使在风、浪、洋流影响下，也能保持或快速地改变航向。
但是，这个办法的缺点，会降低您的前进速度并影响划桨的频率，所以我们只能把它作为次优的方法来改变航向。学习这个方法时，先让船正常前行，知道您获得了足够的速度。然后在一次正常的划桨动作中，让桨停留在水中，并继续向后划，知道桨面几乎和船体两两并排。这时，如果您让桨面的上缘外翻稍远离船体，船会向桨所在一侧变向；如果桨面与水面垂直，船将直行；相反，如果桨面上缘贴近船体，船将转向相反的一侧。
小提示：
把船桨当船尾舵主要用于让船转向，但也可以方便地运用于其他目的。
在船前行时，让桨面水平保持在水中，这样您就可以得到一段时间的支持。这个在您需要向后方看时，尤其有用。
如果想让船减速，把船桨水平按在水中，向前下按即可。
扫桨转向
想让船转向，您看似只需在船体非转向侧用力划水就行了。但实际上，这样只会加快船速，而转向的效果并不明显。我们需要稍微改变一下我们划桨的方式，用扫桨来转向。
相比上节利用船桨的舵功能转向来说，扫桨转向更适合作为我们首选的转向方法，因为它并不减慢船速也不会打乱您的划桨频率。
前向扫桨可在船前行时，或者船静止时使用。
首先，使用正常的前向用桨握桨方式。然后桨叶如水时，尽量向前一些，但不要太勉强(能轻松达到为准)，桨面入水时垂直，受力面面向船体外。同时在上位的手也要配合放低。这时，开始让桨在船侧做大圆弧运动，从船首划到船尾。划大圆弧时，用上身体的力量，尽量让两只手保持相对静止(题外话：我不明白保持静止是指相对于什么的，下次试试看)
刚开始划大圆弧时，船首被推得远离桨叶，快结束时，后面的船体被拉得靠近桨叶，这样船就会向用桨侧的反向转弯。
小提示：
有时候，船只需要一个较小的转向。这时，我们可以修正一下扫桨的程度，让其介于正常前向用桨，和标准扫桨之间。
让船在保持相对位置的情况下快速转向，可以使用反向扫桨，就是正向扫桨的逆操作。
倾侧船体转向
倾侧船体转向对于其他转向方法来说是很宝贵的转向技术，既可以独立使用，来可以结合其他转向技术一起施为。这个转向技术在天气条件影响较大时(例如，侧风使船来回摇晃时)，尤为见效。
由于需要倾侧船体，学习体会该技术时，应该先在安静的水域中进行。
当船体倾侧时，船体相应的一边会没入水中，这迫使船转向倾侧的一方。每条船转向倾侧的程度各有不同。
为了让船倾侧，需要使用船舱内的两腿。船体需要抬高的一侧膝盖上顶船体，向下倾侧的一侧大腿及臀部同时下压。练习时，可在您船滑行过程中倾侧船体，尽量长时间的保持船体侧倾。保持视线水平会有助于加强平衡。
横向平移
如果您想靠岸或是靠向友船，较好的动作是在船侧做类似摇橹的动作。
这个动作可能稍难掌握，但它的确能在方便保持平衡的状态下，提供最有效的横向移动。
使用正常的前向用桨握桨方式，身体倾侧，把桨几乎竖直地插入水中；您在上的手臂形成一个大约的直角，并保持这个高度；桨的受力面需要指向船体的一侧。
学习这个动作时，可以把桨在水中来回运动，尝试感受因为动桨不同，所产生的不同效果。如果桨相对船体平行运动，这会很省力；相反，如果让桨面在水中靠近或远离船体，就需要更大的力量。
但是，即使用上力气，简单地让桨面在水中靠近或远离船体，并不能高效地使船横向移动。
窍门在于，当用力让桨面在水中靠近或远离船体时，应该采用近似于船体平行的动作，而且保持桨的受力面相对来回用桨方向有一个小角度。这样做，可以高效地让船朝用桨一侧，横向移动。
这个动作在使用时，在上位的手位置几乎相对固定，使用在下位的手做动作。
尽量保持动作的连贯性，让桨面在水中划“窄8字”形状。您需要用力对抗防止，桨面因动作产生的切水趋势。
如果您想在一侧用桨，把船往另一侧横向移动，就把桨面的背面稍微对着桨运动的方向。但通常，采用第一种方式，在横向移动的同一侧用桨。
小提示：
掌握这个动作会比较难，最好的办法是，先用手而不是桨在水里感受，如此运动时，水的动态作用力，来体会学习。
反向用桨
反向用桨，就是正向用桨的逆动作。一般我们在减速时使用。由于仅仅需要向后划几下以减速，所以动作的标准性并不重要，只要能保持平衡就可以了。
特别的是，如果您装有船尾舵，向后划可能会比较复杂。亦或船尾较宽大（重）时，可能会有些不可预计的转向。您可以通过向前弯下身形，来改变重量在船体的分布，减轻这个效果。
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Kayaking safety
Currents explained
Another thing that you need to watch out for if you're going kayaking are ocean currents. Depending on where you are, they can either be a slight or a relatively important factor. You should always try to make sure that your trips will allow you to paddle with the current instead of against it, or that if you do have to paddle against the current that you have made plans just in case you get tired.
Currents are caused when the water is different temperatures. While we generally hear about the water temperature as though it is just one thing, that is not always the case. In fact, there are usually pockets or streams of ocean water that moves at different speeds.
You would think that eventually all the water in the ocean would smooth out to be the same temperature. However, that is not the case. In fact, it's very likely not possible, due to all of the different factors that affect water temperature in the oceans. For instance, sunlight can definitely affect the water temperature in places. The result of this is that areas that generally get a lot of sunlight (usually around the equator) will have warmer water than other places.
Likewise, water that is near the polar ice caps or glaciers generally gets full of melt-water from this ice. The result is that that water ends up being colder than the water around it.
This causes the currents because of a very simple fact regarding water and air. That is, when air or water warms up the pressure increases. Air or water that has higher pressure than the air or water around it tends to move into the areas that have less pressure. As a result, warm water tends to flow around the globe. For that reason, we get the major currents.
You can also get smaller currents as a result of differences in water pressure and temperature. Not only that, but there are even some currents that are caused by the tides, and how water flows over certain areas when the tide goes up or down.
Make sure that you account for the currents wherever you plan on kayaking. They can either help you, or cause a lot of problems if you're not careful with your planning.
Tides explained
If you are going to go kayaking, then it will be very helpful for you to figure out what effect the tides will have on your trip. Tides can vary by quite a bit depending on the area you are in and what time of year it is. Unless you pay attention to these changes and plan accordingly, you may find that the water depth is not what you would expect it to be. As you might imagine, this could make kayaking in certain areas far more dangerous than it would be otherwise.
First of all, the tides are caused primarily due to the gravitational pull of the moon on the earth. This is one of the reasons why the tides tend to take about 12.5 hours to change. For this reason, you get about two high tides and two low tides every day. Since we've been paying so much attention to the moon and to the tidal fluctuations of different areas, you can even find out what the tide will be like at a certain place and at a certain time of day - weeks or even months ahead of time.
Before you go kayaking in any area, you should definitely make invest in a tide book. Every area has different tides, so you'll want to make sure that you get a book that will tell you when the tide will be a certain way, and how low or high it will be.
Tides do not always fluctuate between the same two values, either. Depending on different forces that act on the tides, and the location of the moon and sun, you might get extremely high or extremely low tides. This is one reason why a tide book is important. Without it, you can't just assume that the high and low tides will be what you want them to be.
Once you've made sure that you're taking the tides into account, you should be ready to go kayaking. Just make sure that if you are going to be traveling over any areas that are relatively shallow that you do so at high tide. You should also plan ahead in case there are areas that you can only cross during certain tides - and make sure that you have a back up plan in case you miss the tide!
Carabiners
Carabiners are some of the most widely useful kayaking equipment around.
Whether you're kayaking or mountain climbing, simple carabiners can be some of the most useful pieces of equipment around. They are especially useful when it comes to safety equipment, since they can be snapped into place in an instant if needed, and easily removed later. However, even though they are relatively simple designs, carabiners are sturdy and will be able to hold even for fairly strong forces that might be acting on them.
Carabiners come in many different sizes, so you should figure out how much force will probably be on the carabiner before you decide which one you need. There's no real rule of thumb for this, but you should always replace carabiners with a new one that is roughly the same size. You should also make sure that if you are going to be using it for a fairly high-stress situation that it is a stronger carabiner than you probably need. That way, you'll be sure that you'll be ready for any situation.
Carabiners are often used on safety lines. Part of the reason for this is that if you need to connect a rope in an emergency situation, you will not have enough time to tie it anywhere. A carabiner is a good solution, since all you have to do is snap it on. For instance, if you have a throw rope, there will generally be a carabiner on one side. What you do is snap the carabiner onto a loop on your clothing (make sure it is strong enough before you do this, though!) and then you'll be able to use the throw rope without worrying about what will happen if you accidentally let go of the rope.
Carabiners will probably not break, but after a lot of use, you might notice that it is getting worn. If you notice that, then you should probably replace it. Replacing a carabiner is not very hard. In fact, these relatively inexpensive parts are probably the easiest things to replace. Also, since they are cheap, easy to use, and very useful, you may even want to think about having a few extra on hand for any major kayaking trip.
An emergency blanket is an important part of any safety kit.
You should always keep an emergency blanket on hand with you if you're going to go kayaking. This is especially the case if you intend on kayaking in areas that are away from civilization, or if you want to go kayak touring for long periods of time. After all, you never know what might happen, and it's a good idea to be prepared for anything - especially when you're talking about being out in the wilderness.
An emergency blanket is a good thing to have with you in case you end up needing to spend a night or two outdoors. These blankets are designed to keep people warm even if they are in very cold weather. Considering that if you are ever in that situation, you will more than likely be damp from the water and very cold, and emergency blanket is even more important, since it is probably the only blanket that will keep you warm in that situation.
In general, if you're going to go kayaking in the wilderness (whether you're going to go down a river, across a large lake, or out at sea), you should always make sure that you have an extensive safety kit with you. An emergency blanket will be a big part of that kit, but there are a few other things you should put in it just in case they are needed.
Even if you are not in a situation where you will need the emergency blanket to keep warm, it can still come in handy. In some situations, you might be able to use it as a tarp, or if needed, as a type of tent to keep the rain off. Either way, it's a good idea to have one if you're going to be in the woods for a prolonged period of time.
There are two other things that you should do (although doing either of these does not mean that you should forget about an emergency blanket). First of all, you should always make sure that several other people are aware of what your route is and how long you were supposed to be gone. That way, if you turn up missing, people will have some way to know where to look. The other thing you should do, is to make sure that you are kayaking with another person at all times.
In any case, an emergency blanket is a highly useful part of an effective and well-put-together safety kit.
The put-across roll
A good kayak roll to teach beginners is the put-across roll.
One of the biggest fears that most people have of kayaking is the worry that their kayak could capsize, and they would be trapped inside of it. Another fear is that there is no way to right an over turned kayak by yourself - however, this is not actually the case. People who are worried about their kayaks capsizing should learn how to do one of the various rolls which will help right an overturned kayak. The put-across roll is one of these methods.
The first move that you should learn before you even begin to learn any of the actual rolling techniques is the hip flick. There are a lot of ways to learn the hip flick, but the most effective method involves working on it in a pool at first. After you learn how to do this move in a pool, then you should move to an area where the water will be a little bit rougher. That way, you can learn how to do these techniques in situations that are similar to the real situation you will face if you ever do capsize while you're on a kayak tour.
One of the first rolls that you can learn is called the put-across roll. This is also similar to the Pawlata roll, so if you're just starting out, you should make sure that you learn one or the other. However, the put-across roll probably has the most benefits for people who are just beginning to learn rolls, and who probably have some difficulties in doing any of the rolls they learn, this is a good place to start.
One of the reasons for this is that the first step of the put-across roll is to do the hip flick in almost the exact same way that you would do it if you were just doing the hip flick in a drill. This makes it easy for people who have either just learned the hip flick, or who don't want to go through the trouble of learning variations on it. In order to learn the put-across roll, you can either look for free advice, take a course, or get a book on the subject. Once you've learned the put-across roll, however, you'll be able to help yourself if your kayak capsizes while you're on a kayak tour.
An introduction to eskimo rolling
If you're planning on going kayak touring, one of the most important things you can do is learn the techniques associated with eskimo rolling. The reason for this is that if you're touring in a sea kayak, and you are far from shore, it might not be feasible to get back into your kayak if you have to get out of it. Therefore, you should learn this technique before you go on any major kayak tours, especially if you are going on a long trip, or if you are going to be kayaking in a small group.
Eskimo rolling will allow you to right your kayak relatively quickly if you capsize. The benefit here is that you won't be underwater for very long. While this might not be so important if you are kayaking in tropical waters, it is very important for anybody who is planning on going kayaking in the arctic or during the winter. If you do a wet exit from your kayak in arctic waters, you may find yourself exposed to the freezing water for far longer than you should be.
There are several different techniques that you must learn in order to do the eskimo roll. These techniques include the hip flick and several different rolls. Once you can put these techniques together, then you should be able to do a perfect eskimo roll to right your kayak after a capsize.
Before you start tyring to learn any of these techniques, however, you should make sure that you know how to do the wet exit. That way, if you are unsuccessful at getting your kayak back upright, you'll still be able to get out of your kayak. Once you've learned how to do the eskimo roll in calm water, then you should work on doing it in slightly rougher water. This is due to the fact that the chances that you'll capsize in rough water are much higher than in calm water, so you should be ready for that chance.
There are several different ways that you can learn eskimo rolling. Many different stores sell instructional books or video courses that can help you learn what you need to know. However, a better way to learn eskimo rolling is to join a course in your area, or to learn from somebody who knows how.
The HI-rescue is a useful rescue technique if you have two kayaks to help.
One of the things that you should do before you go kayak touring is to make sure that you know all of the necessary methods for helping yourself and other people who may be in the water. While it's always useful to know how to do certain rolls like the eskimo roll, that is not necessarily realistic, and not everybody will know how to do this roll. Not only that, for various reasons, it's always possible that the roll won't work for somebody who needs it, at which point alternate techniques may be necessary, including the HI-rescue technique.
Unlike the T-rescue or X-rescue techniques, which can be performed by only one kayaker beyond the person who is being helped, the HI-rescue technique actually requires two kayaks to perform. However, this is a very useful technique, because if you are kayaking in a small group you'll have enough people to do what is needed, and you'll also find that this is one of the more effective methods for getting all of the water out of a kayak while you're on the water.
The reason that this is one of the more effective methods is that this method actually involves picking the entire kayak out of the water and turning it over so that the water can drain out. In both the X-rescue and the T-rescue techniques, the kayak is turned on its side or upside down by only one other kayaker while part of the kayak is still in the water. It's always possible that after one of these other techniques there is lots of water left in the kayak.
The HI-rescue is not difficult to perform. First of all, both of the rescuing kayaks need to move up near the capsized kayak. Since this procedure will involve picking the capsized kayak entirely out of the water, make sure that the person who had been paddling that kayak grabs onto one of the rescuing kayaks, so that they are not separated from the group.
Next, the two rescuing kayaks should move close to one another and place their paddles across between the two kayaks. This will form an H-like formation. The capsized kayak is then lifted up between the two kayaks and held on the paddles. By rocking the kayak from side to side, you'll be able to get most, if not all, of the water out. Then you'll be ready to put the kayak back in the water and help the other person get back into their kayak.
The T-Rescue is a two-person method of righting a capsized kayak.
One of the reasons that you should never go kayaking alone is that if you are with somebody else, then there are a lot of other techniques that you can use in case something goes wrong while you’re kayaking. For instance, you’ll have somebody to help you get back into your kayak should you capsize and need to perform the wet exit. One of these techniques is called the T-rescue.
In order to perform the T-rescue technique, you will need two people, one of whom stays in their kayak. Then, you should have the other person capsize their kayak and get out. If you are just learning how to do the T-rescue for the first time, then you should try to do it in a pool or a small pond that does not have a lot of wave activity. After you learn the T-rescue in a pool or on flat water, then you should attempt it in a slightly less calm situation so that you can be sure you’ll know how to do it if you are ever in a realistic situation out at sea.
First you want the person who is still in their kayak to paddle up and coast until they are perpendicular to your capsized kayak. The bow of your kayak should be just even with where they are sitting in the cockpit of their kayak so that they can pull the kayak up into their lap. This will allow the kayak to be drained. You should always make sure that you are holding onto the other end of your kayak for more support and control over where the kayak is going.
Next, the person who is still in their kayak should right your kayak and slide it back into the water. You should maneuver the two boats so that they are parallel, and so that the cockpits are even. The person who is still in their kayak should lean over so that they are leaning all of their weight onto your kayak and hold it steady for you.
At this point, you should be able to get back into your kayak. This is actually probably the hardest part of the technique, so you should probably take some time to learn how to do this before you go on any lengthy kayak tours.
Hypothermia
Hypothermia is easily treatable, but can be very dangerous.
If you are ever going to be out in the wilderness overnight, especially if you are going to be around the water, you should make sure that you have a good understanding of what hypothermia is. It has been said that hypothermia is always treatable - especially with the knowledge that the medical community has about the situation. Therefore, the most important thing to remember about hypothermia is that you should not panic, since that is probably the most dangerous thing you can do if you're trying to take care of somebody suffering from it.
Hypothermia happens when, for whatever reason, your body can no longer maintain your normal body temperature. The result is that eventually your body will begin to fail, and you will die. Hypothermia can set in when your body drops to just a few degrees under normal.
While hypothermia does usually happen in cold weather situations on land, you should be especially worried about it in the water, especially if you are going to be kayaking in cold water. The human body loses body heat twenty-six times faster in water than it does in air. As you might guess, this is just one reason why you're more likely to get hypothermia from the water than from being on land - in fact, some people have even suffered from hypothermia in the relatively warm water near Hawaii.
If you are in the water and you are worried about hypothermia while you wait for help, there are a few things you should always do. First, if you are in the water and you are far from shore, you should not try to swim in. This is due to the fact that you will lose body heat faster if you swim to shore. You should instead get into a huddled position in the water (your personal flotation device should keep you afloat without treading water) and try to conserve as much body heat as you can. You should also use your safety whistle and do whatever you can to signal for help.
If you find yourself on land, then you should make sure that you get as far out of the wind as possible so that you can conserve body heat. Once you do that, you should do whatever you can to generate more heat (for instance, build a fire) or use an emergency blanket. You should also have a warm drink if possible, but nothing with caffeine or alcohol in it. Then you should also try to signal for help.
Using a throw rope
You should practice using a throw rope before you go kayaking.
If you're going to go kayaking in any conditions, a throw rope is an essential piece of safety equipment. Knowing what it is and how to use it may even save your life, so it's important to know what a throw rope is, and how to use it. In fact, it's a good idea to try using it before you get out on the river or in a situation where you need to use it.
A throw rope is basically a rope that has been designed especially for water rescue. As a result, it is long and very strong. Generally a throw rope can also be stuffed into a bag - which makes the rope much easier to throw. There will also be a clip on at least one end of the rope. This is all designed so that it will be much easier to save the person who is in the water.
When you're trying to decide which type of throw rope to get, it depends on the type of kayaking you're going to be doing. If you're just going to be recreational kayaking or going on a kayak tour, then you will probably only need one of the cheaper models of throw rope. This is due to the fact that it is relatively unlikely that you'll be in rough water conditions. If you do end up in rough water, however, you'll want to have a throw rope with you!
If you're going to be whitewater kayaking, you'll probably want to look at one of the stronger, more expensive brands of throw rope. This is due to how whitewater rivers are. These rivers have strong currents and can be very dangerous. It's possible that the rope could catch on rocks, which might break the line if it is not strong enough.
No matter where you're planning on kayaking and what type of rope you ought to get, you should make sure that you practice using it before going out to sea. First, clip the carabiner on one end of the rope to yourself. This is so that you won't lose the rope even if your hands slip. Next, you should practice throwing the bag part of the rope out to the person who is in the water. Once you can quickly and easily get the throw rope to somebody in the water, you're ready to go.
Whistle & knife
A whistle & knife are necessary for anybody who likes kayak touring.
Two of the other things you should have in your kayak are a whistle & knife. Both of these items seem fairly simple, but considering how useful they are, you should definitely not be without them. While you might be able to get by if you are only a day-tripper or doing recreational kayaking, most people find that they are highly useful for any long-term kayak tour.
The reason that you should have both a whistle & knife is fairly simple. Since you will likely be at sea and might be a long ways from pretty much anything, you don't want to have to yell for help if needed. Therefore, having a whistle means that you'll be heard. It takes a lot less energy to blow a whistle than it does to yell as well, so if you ever end up being stuck for longer than a few minutes, you'll want to be able to blow your whistle so that you can be heard.
While that is why you need a whistle, you might be wondering why the you need a whistle & knife. The knife is more useful if you're trying to stay out of trouble, while it might not be much help in getting rescued. The reason you should have a knife is that any time you are working around ropes, you'll want to have something to cut the rope quickly and easily. For this reason, you should probably keep your kayaking knife in good condition, and avoid using it on anything else so that it doesn't go dull.
If you're ever in the situation where you need a whistle & knife, you'll definitely want to have both items on hand. The whistle can save your life if you're ever lost at sea - and the knife will enable you to cut a rope if needed.
You can buy a whistle & knife at almost any outdoors store. While you might be tempted to buy any whistle or any knife, you probably shouldn't. After all, you are going to be using these items for a very specific purpose. Therefore, you should make sure that you get the right one for your situation. When you are actually on the water, you should make sure that both the whistle & knife are within easy reach so that you will be able to get to them in an emergency.
Accessory cord
An accessory cord is an essential part of any emergency kit.
If you're going to go kayaking, there is one thing you should keep in mind. No matter how sturdy your kayak is, there's always a chance that you might have to make repairs somewhere other than the comfort of your own home. As a result, it's always a good idea to make sure that you have an emergency repair kit with you no matter where you're kayaking. This becomes an even better idea when you are going to go on long, drawn out kayak tours. The further you are from shore, and the farther you are going, the more likely it is that you'll have to do kayak repairs on the water at some point. If this is the case, you should make sure you have a kayak repair kit that includes everything you need, including an accessory cord.
The accessory cord is basically a strong, thin cord that comes in several different sizes. Since you will likely have some sort of bindings on your kayak, it's important to have an extra cord. If you're going to be putting the extra accessory cord into an emergency kit of some sort, then you'll probably want to go with one of the thinner types of cord. That way, you'll be able to fit a longer length into the small space that you have to work with.
Accessory cords come in several different thicknesses, and depending on where you buy them from you can determine the length. Most stores will just be selling accessory cord off of large spools. This is good for you, as you can determine how many feet of cord you want, and then get it. This is good, since it means that you'll be able to make a long accessory cord without needing to tie two cords together. This way, you'll have a stronger cord than you would ordinarily.
While it's usually a good idea to match the thickness of your accessory cord to the cords on your kayak, that's not necessary. You will probably be able to use almost any size accessory cord on a kayak. Not only that, but you can also use accessory cords to lash things down onto your kayak. For instance, if you need to make sure that you have an extra paddle, then you can use your accessory cord to lash one down onto your kayak for later.
GPS (Global Positioning System)
For easier navigation, you should get a GPS.
If you're going to go kayaking at sea and you're going to be following a map, you might want to think about getting a GPS (Global Positioning System). You can, of course, always just get a compass, but those are generally harder to read. This is especially the case if you are going to be on rough water - some people have found it completely impossible to get a compass reading due to rough waves.
GPS is a little more expensive than a compass, of course, but if you are going to be doing a lot of sea kayak touring, this will almost certainly be worth the extra money. You'll never be able to get lost on maps again once you're able to pinpoint exactly what your latitude and longitude are. Plus, even though these are generally more expensive than compasses, that doesn't mean that you're going to have to pay too much money for them.
In fact, in recent years, GPS has been getting cheaper and cheaper. If you want a Global Positioning System for your car or kayak, you should be able to actually find one that is affordable for you. Also, while some people may still find that they prefer to use a compass, most people have discovered that the GPS is a convenient and quick way to make sure that you're not off course.
Another benefit of having a GPS is when you're injured or if you ever need to radio out for help. If you have a GPS hand held or kayak-mounted system with you, you'll be able to tell the search crews your exact latitude and longitude - which means that they'll get to you right away.
You can get GPS hand helds for a hundred dollars now, if you want a simplistic model. However, if you're looking for something a little more in depth, then you should look at the $300-$400 range. No matter which type you choose, however, you should find that it is not very hard to keep on track at all once you have one.
If you're worried about being able to hold onto your hand-held GPS system while you're paddling, don't worry! Some companies are already selling kayak-mounted GPS so that you'll be able to check your location easily just by looking down!
Never paddle alone!
An important thing to remember about kayaking is that you should never paddle alone.
One of the biggest rules of thumb when it comes to kayaking is that you should never paddle alone. The reasons for this are many, but most of all, if you make sure that you have somebody with you, then you'll be able to stay safe in almost any situation. Having an extra person with you means that if something happens to one of you, the other one will be there to help out - either with the first aid kit, with going for help, or even just by being somebody on the other end of a throw rope.
Never paddle alone is a good idea for other reasons as well. For instance, if you're going to be kayak touring, chances are good that you'll see a lot of amazing things - and it's always good to have another person there to share them with you. Plus, it will likely be a fun and exciting event to share with your friend.
Another thing that you should consider is that if you never paddle alone, then you'll be able to go kayaking in the wilderness without feeling too lonely. After all, it can be very lonely to be alone out on the water with just you and your kayak. If you have another person to talk to, you'll more than likely have more fun out there.
You will also have somebody nearby to encourage you if you start to feel at all discouraged. For that reason, if you never paddle alone, you'll probably be better able to go kayaking without getting discouraged and stopping. This is a good thing to keep in mind if you are going to be kayaking in an area where the going might get a little rough - the last thing you want is to be stuck somewhere alone, and not want to continue.
Finally, and most obviously, never paddle alone is told as a general rule because it is the best way to make sure that you will be safe when you are kayaking. In addition to this, however, you should make sure that other people who are not accompanying you on your trip also know where you will be kayaking. That way if anything happens, the emergency teams will know where to look for you.
However, if you make sure that you never paddle alone, then chances are good you'll be able to have a safe, fun time on the water.
Weil's disease
Weil's disease can be contracted from contaminated water and may be fatal.
Weil's disease is a problem if you are going to be out in the wilderness and looking for water at all. This disease is spread through rat urine, so the main way in which you can contract the disease is by consuming contaminated water. There are a few things you should always keep in mind when it comes to run-off or creek water. First, you can never count on it being clean, so you should not drink any of this water.
If you do have to drink creek water, the best way to make sure that you don't get Weil's disease (or something else) is to be certain that you are boiling the water to kill off all the bacteria, and using a water purifier. This may not be enough, however, so you should avoid drinking outdoor water as much as you can. You should also make sure, if you have no choice, that the water you're drinking from is not running through a cave of any sort, and that it looks as clean as possible.
You don't have to drink water in order to get Weil's disease, however. In fact, some people can get it just through contact with the water, especially if they have any open cuts. Therefore, if you're going to be going into the water to swim or kayak, you should make sure that you don't have any open cuts and that any cuts you do have are covered. For this reason, a dry suit might be a good idea, since the waterproof suit will keep all of the bacteria out of your body.
Sometimes you can't avoid getting Weil's disease, so you should pay a lot of attention if you start to feel sick in the few weeks after a camping or kayaking trip. This is due to the fact that the incubation period for this disease an be anywhere from three to nineteen days.
If you start to get flu symptoms a few days after returning from a camping trip, then you should see a doctor and ask to be tested for Weil's disease. While it may not seem like you are very sick at first, if you do not go and get treated, then you may be putting your life at risk
You can either assemble your own first-aid kit, or buy one
A first-aid kit is a must have! There are so many different situations where it might come in handy that there is really no excuse for not having one in your kayak. If you are going kayak touring, then you can probably fit a small first-aid kit into the bulkhead of your kayak. This will not add very much weight, and while you probably won't need to use it, you would not like to be in a situation where a first-aid kit is needed and discover that you do not have one with you.
There are several things that you should put in any first-aid kit, the first few being bandages. You should make sure that the bandages you have are enough. For instance, it's recommended that you have adhesive tape and gauze pads in addition to the regular self-adhesive bandages. That way, you'll be able to deal with almost any size cut.
There are a few other things that you will probably want to put in a first-aid kit for kayaking that you might not put in other types of first-aid kits. For instance, you should think about adding a few motion sickness tablets. If you're going to be out on rough or rolling seas, then this might come in helpful. While it is not an emergency, the last thing you want to do is feel sick and not entirely capable while you are out at sea.
You should also put water purification tablets into your first-aid kit since you never know when you'll be stuck and need water. These tablets can be very useful for that reason. Plus, it is much lighter to carry these tablets than it is to carry a lot of bottled water.
Other things that should be in the first-aid kit are fairly obvious. For instance, you should make sure that you have ibuprofen or aspirin tablets just in case somebody gets a headache or feels ill. You should also make sure that you have calamine lotion for insect bites, since those can be fairly annoying - and there's no reason to suffer through insect bites when it's so easy to relieve the itching.
Finally, make sure you have a hand warmer, tweezers, and scissors. The last two are usually overlooked, but if you need to cut your medical tape and don't have scissors, you might be in a bad situation. If you're not sure you can put together your own first-aid kit, don't worry. There are plenty sold in stores, already assembled for you.
http://www.kayakhelp.com/kayaking-safety.php |
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发表于 2011-9-2 17:32:48
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发表于 2011-9-2 20:58:09